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研究生：	王淨萱 Wang, Jing-Shiuan
論文名稱：	從社區能力視角探索社區照顧發展的培力過程：以東光社區為例 Exploring the empowerment process for community care development from community capacity perspective: Case Study of Dong-Guang Village
指導教授：	楊佳翰 Yang, Chia-Han
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所 Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	153
中文關鍵詞：	高齡化、社區照顧、社區培力、社區能力
外文關鍵詞：	Aging population, Community Care, Community Empowerment, Community Capacity
相關次數：	點閱：111 下載：2
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二十一世紀，高齡人口快速增加、及其衍生的失能人口、長期照顧需求的增加，伴隨少子化現象、家庭結構的照護功能式微等，社會變遷所帶來的人口結構改變，致使高齡照護成為不可忽視的重大議題，近年來已發展國家紛紛提出「在地老化」的新政策導向，2017年衛福部長照2.0正式上路，其核心價值即是發展「社區照顧」，而社區照顧為社區發展的目標之一，自1994年文建會推行社區總體經營開始，政府、學界力推「由下而上」的社區培力來輔導社區自主發展，然而社區培力往往由於政策無法因地制宜、不符在地需求，以至於臺灣社區發展與社區照顧一直落於「由上而下」的政策主導。學術界多年累積許多社區培力、社區能力與社區照顧研究，然而，卻鮮少提及不同社區照顧階段所需之社區能力要素，並且社區培力策略也普遍以社區整體發展為主，因此，本研究致力於以社區培力策略對應社區照顧進程之研究缺口出發。

本研究以社區能力理論之角度，了解不同社區照顧發展階段所需之能力，並進一步探究社區培力策略影響各階段社區能力缺口之研究。本研究分為三個階段，第一階段，透過檔案分析法了解不同社區照顧發展階段，並透過專家訪談來了解其社區能力的要素以及培力策略分析；第二階段，以東光社區為個案研究對象，了解東光社區照顧發展的社區能力要素與缺口；第三階段，再由前述研究方法所得研究結果，以質性分析梳理出不同社區照顧進程其社區能力要素，及如何設計培力機制如何影響社區照顧發展，本研究結果發現能夠作為政府單位、社區組織與學術單位擬訂社區照顧其培力策略之方針。

In the 21st Century, population aging has become one of the critical issues in the world. Several developed countries have developed “community care” policy, which intended to help people age in place. Taiwan government has dedicated to community empowerment as a method to achieve community care. While community empowerment remains an important indicator of the community capacity relates to community care. However, an essential limitation of top-down planning is that external planners may not be closely understanding the needs of the community. According to previous studies, several studies talk about community development through community empowerment, few of them address in community care. As a result, empowerment for the self-help community care from community capacity perspective is still an unexplored area which is worth being explored.

In order to help the research gap, the purpose of this study was to explore the empowerment strategy for community care from community capacity perspective. This study employs a three-phase research design combining qualitative method. After expert respondent selection of the case, this study will take Dong Guang community as its case study object. The first phase begins with documentary analysis to examine the determents of community capacity in different community care development sections. Second, case study is adopted in this study to answer the research questions by the method of participant observation, expert interview, focus group, and in-depth interview. Third, the findings of this research will reveal the empowerment strategy for community care from the community capacity perspective. More specifically, this study was undertaken in order to understand how the empowerment process for community care influence towards care-for-community, and to suggest some theoretical as well as practical implications of this process.

Chapter 1	Introduction	1
1	Research Background	1
2	Research Motivation	3
3	Research Objective	5
4	Research Question	6
5	Research Structure	6
6	Research Flow	7
Chapter 2	Literature Review	9
1	Community Care	9
1.1	Definition of Community	9
1.2	Welfare communitization	10
1.3	History of Community care	13
1.4	The characteristics of community care	14
1.5	The development process of community care	15
1.6	Community care in Taiwan	17
2	Community Development	20
5.1	Concept of community development	20
5.2	Dimensions of community development	21
2.3	Current community development in Taiwan	22
3	Community Empowerment	23
3.1	Definition of community empowerments	23
3.2	Concept of community empowerments	25
3.3	Components of community empowerment	26
3.4	Models of community empowerment	28
3.5	Community Empowerment evaluation	29
4	Community Capacity	30
4.1	Concept of Community Capacity	30
4.2	Typology of Community Capacity	31
Chapter 3	Methodology	34
1	Research Design	34
2	Research Method	36
2.1	Concept of Qualitative Method	36
2.2	Documentary Analysis	38
2.3	Case Study Method	38
2.4	Focus Group	39
2.5	Participant Observation	40
2.6	In-Depth Interview	40
3	Data Collection & Analysis	41
3.1	Case Selection	42
3.2	Case Introduction	44
3.3	Data Collection	48
3.4	Data Analysis	49
3.5	Reliability and Validity	51
Chapter 4	Research Results	53
1 Source of Data	53
1.1 Primary data	53
1.2 Secondary data	58
2 The development phase of community care in Dong Guang	61
2.1 Physical environment and hardware building phase：1980s	62
2.2 Silence phase：1999-2005	65
2.3 Sprouted phase：2006-2011	65
2.4 Mature phase：2011-2016	67
2.5 Transformation phase：2016-2018	67
2.6 The current community care scenario in Dong Guang community	68
3 The determinants of the community capacity	70
3.1 PARTICIPATION	70
3.2 LEADERSHIP	73
3.3 CONNECTION	75
3.4 SENSE OF PLACE	76
3.5 COMMUNITY ATTITUDE	80
3.6 PROBLEM ASSESSMENT	80
3.7 RESOURCE CAPACITY	81
3.8 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY	83
3.9 PROGRAMMATIC CAPACITY	86
3.10 NETWORKING CAPACITY	88
3.11 POLITICAL CAPACITY	89
4 The development process of community care	90
4.1 Care in the community	90
4.2 Care by the community	92
4.3 Care with the community	93
5 The capacity gap of community care in this development process	95
5.1	Resource integration is difficult to realize	95
5.2	Political power struggle in the community	96
5.3	The consciousness of community is declining	96
5.4	Leadership is difficult to pass on	96
6 The empowerment process for community care development	97
6.1	Professional counseling mechanism	97
6.2	Inter-departmental integrated program	98
6.3	Giving incentives and reward as positive feedback	98
6.4	Establish the cross-community family groups	99
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION	100
1 Findings	100
1.1 Categories of the Community Capacity	100
1.2 Ecosystem of the Community Care	101
1.3 The importance of Social Capital	101
1.4 Mutual aid relationship	102
2 Implication for Theory	102
3 Implication for Practice	103
4 Research Limitation	104
5 Recommendation for Future Study	104
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSSION	106
Reference	109
Appendixes I- Field notes	121
Appendix II- Co-creation workshop recording	150


                                    

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