巴金森氏病隨著人口老化，為目前老年社會一個不容忽視的疾病，可預期的是未來罹患巴金森氏病的人口將會持續增加。巴金森氏病為神經退化性疾病，主要起因於中腦黑質部分泌多巴胺的神經元大量喪失( Lang & Lozano, 1998a; Widnell, 2005; Li, Li, & Wang, 2009; Olanow, Stern, & Sethi, 2009; Patel et al., 2009)，估計百分之七十罹患巴金森氏病的患者都有言語方面或聲音方面的問題，稱為運動不及吶語症(Hartelius & Svensson, 1994; Goberman, Coelho, & Robb, 2002)。雖然文獻上已經討論過巴金森氏病患者的言語表現，但大部分文獻只著重在幾個音質項目的檢測和只藉由念段落文章來討論語速，因此，本研究旨在藉由六個檢測項目，分別為音質、最長發音時長、S/Z比值、唇舌輪替動作音節速率、清晰度以及語速，來檢測巴金森氏病患者言語表現和對照組間的差異，並探討巴金森氏病患者言語障礙與疾病嚴重程度間個別的相關性。本研究中共有16位來自南部某間醫院的巴金森氏病男性患者參與研究，其嚴重程度為第二期至第四期，另外還有16位男性對照組在年齡、母語都和病人搭配的情況下也參與研究，本研究採用錄音收集語料，並從中進行四項測驗。
本研究主要有以下3點發現：(1) 巴金森氏病患者在最長發音時長、唇舌輪替動作音節速率、清晰度以及語速四項檢測上在統計上都有顯著性較差的表現。他們持續把音拉長的能力比較差，口腔輪轉運動也表現得較差，另外巴金森氏病患者說話比較不清楚，在不同說話情境中也都講比較慢。(2)比較不同的說話情境也發現在自發性語料中患者說話清晰度最差，推測是跟在談話中缺乏外在線索有關。(3) 疾病嚴重程度與病患回答問題的語速在統計上有達到顯著的相關性。越是嚴重的巴金森氏病患者在別人試著詢問出新資訊的說話情境中，講的越是慢。
本研究結果可幫助我們更瞭解巴金森氏病患者言語溝通的問題，並期望本研究結果可以對身受言語溝通之苦的患者在其跟家人及照護者間的溝通有所助益。

With populations aging all over the world, Parkinson’s disease has become a noticeable health problem, and is expected to increase in the future. Parkinson’s disease (PD), termed as idiopathic parkinsonism, is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly results from loss of dopaminergic neurons (Lang & Lozano, 1998a; Widnell, 2005; Li, Li, & Wang, 2009; Olanow, Stern, & Sethi, 2009; Patel et al., 2009). An estimated 70% of PD patients have speech or voice problems, characterized as hypokinetic dysarthria (Hartelius & Svensson, 1994; Goberman, Coelho, & Robb, 2002). Although previous studies have investigated the speech performances of PD patients, main of them focus only on voice quality in terms of several voice parameters and speaking rate by reading fixed passage. As a consequence, the goal of this present study is to assess speech deficits found in PD patients with dysarthria and investigates the correlation between speech deficits and disease severity, in terms of levodopa equivalent daily dose. This will be accomplished by focusing on six measures: (1) voice quality, (2) maximum sound prolongation (MSP), (3) S/Z ratio, (4) diadochokinetic (DDK) syllable rate, (5) speech intelligibility, and (6) speech rate. 16 male patients diagnosed with PD with Hoehn & Yahr Stage ratings of 2 to 4 were recruited from a hospital in Southern Taiwan. 16 control subjects, matched with age, sex and native language with the PD patients, also participated in this study. The present study has collected data by taking sound recordings of participants performing four oral tasks.
Three major findings have been made: (1) PD patients tend to have speech deficits in the areas of MSP, DDK rate, speech intelligibility, and speech rate. PD patients are relatively unable to sustain certain sounds and have poor performance on oral cyclic movement. In addition, PD patients are less intelligible and speak much slower than controls in a variety of speech contexts. (2) When different speech contexts are compared, relatively low speech intelligibility in spontaneous monologue occurs, which may be due to the lack of the provision of external cues in conversation. (3) Disease severity, in terms of levodopa equivalent daily dose, is found to statistically correlate with speech rate of answering questions. Patients with more severe PD speak slower when people elicit new information from them, than those with less severe PD.
These findings will help us to have a clearer understanding of the communication problems of patients with Parkinson’s disease, and it is hoped that this improved understanding will lead to more successful communication of PD sufferers with their family and caregivers.

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