| 研究生: |
盧芊宇 Lu, Chien-Yu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
探討會員等級中高階會員的忠誠度影響層面 Exploring the loyalty of high-ranking members in hierarchical structure |
| 指導教授: |
蔡惠婷
Tsai, Huei-Ting |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 企業管理學系碩士在職專班 Department of Business Administration (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2022 |
| 畢業學年度: | 110 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 80 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 顧客感知利益 、會員等級 、方案忠誠度 、品牌認同 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Customer Perceived Benefit, Hierarchical Structure, Program Loyalty, Brand Identity |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:149 下載:36 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
品牌推出忠誠度方案,目的即為了與顧客產生連結,促使顧客對品牌產生依賴,進而促進消費,最終增加對品牌的認同程度,以往我們熟知的忠誠度方案是品牌所有的會員皆能享有相同的待遇,隨著越來越多品牌使用加入會員作為忠誠度方案後,品牌開始改變忠誠度方案的模式,依照顧客消費的金額將顧客分成不同的等級,而顧客所處於的等級能享受不同的優惠,甚至能擁有特殊待遇。直到今日可以發現越來越多品牌將會員等級作為忠誠度方案的一種,包含最早使用忠誠度方案的美國航空、全球第一家使用付費會員制的零售商好市多,以及全球最大上市珠寶連鎖集團的周大福珠寶集團,就連全世界最大的電商平台亞馬遜公司皆投入會員等級的方案,將會員做出區隔。過去對於品牌忠誠度方案的研究僅限於探討如何增進顧客的忠誠度或是忠誠度方案的設計,並沒有針對會員等級中的高階會員忠誠度進行探討,本研究將探討高階會員處於會員等級方案中,影響高階會員的忠誠度層面為何,並如何藉由此方案的設計,達到增加品牌認同的用意。
本研究根據過去的文獻研究,以「顧客感知利益」、「會員等級」及「方案忠誠度」這三個構面來探討高階會員的忠誠度來源及是否能達到品牌認同的目的,並以「方案忠誠度」作為中介變數進行研究。為達研究目的,本研究以線上問卷為方式進資料蒐集,共回收312份有效問卷,並利用SPSS 軟體進行統計分析,在透過敘述性統計分析、信度分析、效度分析、Pearson相關分析,以及迴歸分析後,研究結果發現如下:
(一)「顧客感知利益」、「會員等級」及「方案忠誠度」對「品牌認同」具有正向顯著影響,又以「感知利 益」的影響更為顯著。
(二)「方案忠誠度」對於「顧客感知利益」及「會員等級」對「品牌認同」具有部分中介影響。
關鍵字:顧客感知利益、會員等級、方案忠誠度、品牌認同
The purpose of loyalty program is to connect with customers to increase the consumption to increase the profitability of the brand. In the past, the well-known loyalty program is that all members of the brand can enjoy the same treatment. With more and more brands using members as loyalty programs, they began to change the model of loyalty scheme, and divided customers into different grades according to the amount of consumption, we call it hierarchical structure. Customers who are in different grades can enjoy different preferential treatment or even special treatment. Up to now, it can be found that more and more brands use hierarchical structure as loyalty program, including American Airlines, Costco, and Chow Tai Fook jewelry group. Even Amazon has invested in hierarchical structure to distinguish members.
In the past, the research on brand loyalty program was seldom discussed the loyalty of high-ranking members. This study will explore the loyalty of high-ranking members in hierarchical structure, and how to make customers identify with the brand.
Based on previous literature research, this study uses three dimensions to explore the source of loyalty of high-ranking members which achieve the brand identity, including "perceived benefit", "hierarchical structure" and "program loyalty". This study also uses " program loyalty" as an intermediary variable to find out the connection with brand identity.
There are 312 valid questionnaires from online questionnaires for data analysis, the research results are as follows: (1) all three dimensions have positive and significant impact on "brand identity", and the impact of "perceived benefits" is even more significant than the other two dimensions. (2) "program loyalty" has a partial mediating effect on both "perceived benefit" and "hierarchical structure".
Key words: Customer Perceived Benefit, Hierarchical Structure, Program Loyalty, Brand Identity
吳明隆, & 涂金堂. (2014). SPSS 與統計應用分析: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司.
吳萬益. (2008). 企業研究方法: 吳萬益發行.
Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building Strong Brands (Создание сильных брендов).
Aaker, D. A., & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). The brand relationship spectrum: The key to the brand architecture challenge. California management review, 42(4), 8-23.
Aaker, D. A., & Joachimsthaler, E. (2012). Brand leadership: Simon and Schuster.
Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of marketing research, 34(3), 347-356.
Akbar, M. M. (2013). Three competing models on customer loyalty in the context of mobile subscribers. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(4), 42.
Amaldoss, W., & Jain, S. (2005). Conspicuous consumption and sophisticated thinking. Management Science, 51(10), 1449-1466.
Anderson, C., John, O. P., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. (2001). Who attains social status? Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. J Pers Soc Psychol, 81(1), 116-132. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.81.1.116
Anderson, C., Srivastava, S., Beer, J. S., Spataro, S. E., & Chatman, J. A. (2006). Knowing your place: self-perceptions of status in face-to-face groups. J Pers Soc Psychol, 91(6), 1094-1110. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1094
Arbore, A., & Estes, Z. (2013). Loyalty program structure and consumers' perceptions of status: Feeling special in a grocery store? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(5), 439-444. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.03.002
Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. (2003). Hedonic shopping motivations. Journal Of Retailing, 79(2), 77-95.
Ashworth, L., Darke, P. R., & Schaller, M. (2005). No one wants to look cheap: Trade‐offs between social disincentives and the economic and psychological incentives to redeem coupons. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(4), 295-306.
Babin, B. J., & Attaway, J. S. (2000). Atmospheric affect as a tool for creating value and gaining share of customer. Journal of Business Research, 49(2), 91-99.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Berry, L. L. (1995). Relationship marketing of services—growing interest, emerging perspectives. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 236-245.
Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer–company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
Bijmolt, T. H., Dorotic, M., & Verhoef, P. C. (2010). Loyalty programs: Generalizations on their adoption, effectiveness and design. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 5(4), 197-258.
Boer, S. Y. C. a. E. d. (2021). How Loyalty Programs Are Saving Airlines. Harvard Business Review Digital Articles, p1-5.
Bolton, R. N., Kannan, P. K., & Bramlett, M. D. (2000). Implications of loyalty program membership and service experiences for customer retention and value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 95-108.
Bolton, R. N., Lemon, K. N., & Verhoef, P. C. (2004). The theoretical underpinnings of customer asset management: A framework and propositions for future research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 271-292.
Butori, R., & De Bruyn, A. (2013). So you want to delight your customers: The perils of ignoring heterogeneity in customer evaluations of discretionary preferential treatments. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(4), 358-367. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2013.03.004
Capizzi, M. T., & Ferguson, R. (2005). Loyalty trends for the twenty‐first century. Journal of Consumer Marketing.
Chaudhuri, M., Voorhees, C. M., & Beck, J. M. (2019). The effects of loyalty program introduction and design on short-and long-term sales and gross profits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47(4), 640-658.
Chen, Y., Mandler, T., & Meyer-Waarden, L. (2021). Three decades of research on loyalty programs: A literature review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 124, 179-197. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.057
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). The costs and benefits of consuming. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(2), 267-272.
Da Silveira, C., Lages, C., & Simões, C. (2013). Reconceptualizing brand identity in a dynamic environment. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 28-36.
Darke, P. R., & Dahl, D. W. (2003). Fairness and discounts: The subjective value of a bargain. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 328-338.
De Chernatony, L. (1999). Brand management through narrowing the gap between brand identity and brand reputation. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1-3), 157-179.
De Cremer, D. (2016). When transparency backfires, and how to prevent it. Harvard business review.
Delgado‐Ballester, E., & Munuera‐Alemán, J. L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty. European Journal of Marketing.
Demoulin, N. T. M., & Zidda, P. (2009). Drivers of Customers’ Adoption and Adoption Timing of a New Loyalty Card in the Grocery Retail Market. Journal Of Retailing, 85(3), 391-405. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2009.05.007
Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113.
Dissanayake, R., & Amarasuriya, T. (2015). Role of brand identity in developing global brands: A literature based review on case comparison between Apple iPhone vs Samsung smartphone brands. Research journal of business and management, 2(3), 430-440.
Dowling, G. R., & Uncles, M. (1997). Do customer loyalty programs really work? Sloan management review, 38, 71-82.
Drèze, X., & Nunes, J. C. (2009). Feeling Superior: The Impact of Loyalty Program Structure on Consumers' Perceptions of Status. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(6), 890-905. doi:10.1086/593946
Eggert, A., Steinhoff, L., & Garnefeld, I. (2015). Managing the Bright and Dark Sides of Status Endowment in Hierarchical Loyalty Programs. Journal of Service Research, 18(2), 210-228. doi:10.1177/1094670514566797
Ehrenberg, A. S. (1988). Repeat buying. Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 5(2).
Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 378-389.
Evanschitzky, H., Ramaseshan, B., Woisetschläger, D. M., Richelsen, V., Blut, M., & Backhaus, C. (2011). Consequences of customer loyalty to the loyalty program and to the company. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(5), 625-638. doi:10.1007/s11747-011-0272-3
Farhana, M. (2014). Implication of brand identity facets on marketing communication of lifestyle magazine: case study of a Swedish brand. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 4(1), 23-41.
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations, 7(2), 117-140.
Geuens, M., Weijters, B., & De Wulf, K. (2009). A new measure of brand personality. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(2), 97-107.
Ghodeswar, B. M. (2008). Building brand identity in competitive markets: a conceptual model. Journal of product & brand management.
Gilbert, D. T., Giesler, R. B., & Morris, K. A. (1995). When comparisons arise. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(2), 227.
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., & Van den Bergh, B. (2010). Going green to be seen: status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. J Pers Soc Psychol, 98(3), 392-404. doi:10.1037/a0017346
Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., & Bitner, M. J. (1998). Relational benefits in services industries: the customer’s perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 101-114.
Heffetz, O., & Frank, R. H. (2011). Preferences for status: Evidence and economic implications. In Handbook of social economics (Vol. 1, pp. 69-91): Elsevier.
Henderson, C. M., Beck, J. T., & Palmatier, R. W. (2011). Review of the theoretical underpinnings of loyalty programs. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(3), 256-276. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2011.02.007
Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., & Gremler, D. D. (2002). Understanding relationship marketing outcomes: An integration of relational benefits and relationship quality. Journal of Service Research, 4(3), 230-247.
Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92-101.
Holbrook, M. B. (1999a). Consumer value: a framework for analysis and research: Psychology Press.
Holbrook, M. B. (1999b). Introduction to consumer value. Consumer value: A framework for analysis and research, 1-28.
Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand loyalty: Measurement and management: John Wiley & Sons Incorporated.
Jamal, A., & Goode, M. M. (2001). Consumers and brands: a study of the impact of self‐image congruence on brand preference and satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
Jiang, L., Hoegg, J., & Dahl, D. W. (2013). Consumer reaction to unearned preferential treatment. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 412-427.
Johnson, K., & Pete, S. (1999). Loyalty Marketing: Making Loyalty Programs More Rewarding. DIRECT MARKETING-GARDEN CITY-, 61, 24-24.
Jorgensen, K. (2010). Steps for setting up a loyalty programme. Available from internet: http://www. yupingliu. com/files/papers/loyalty_programs_10_steps. pdf.
Kang, J., Alejandro, T. B., & Groza, M. D. (2015). Customer–company identification and the effectiveness of loyalty programs. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 464-471.
Kapferer, J.-N. (2008). The new strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term: Kogan Page Publishers.
Karunaratna, A., & Kumara, P. (2018). Determinants of customer loyalty: A literature review. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 17(1-2), 49-73.
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57, 1-22.
Keller, K. L. (1998). Branding perspectives on social marketing. ACR North American Advances.
Kim, B.-D., Shi, M., & Srinivasan, K. (2001). Reward programs and tacit collusion. Marketing Science, 20(2), 99-120.
Kim, D., Lee, S. y., Bu, K., & Lee, S. (2009). Do VIP programs always work well? The moderating role of loyalty. Psychology & Marketing, 26(7), 590-609.
Kim, H.-Y., Lee, J. Y., Choi, D., Wu, J., & Johnson, K. K. (2013). Perceived benefits of retail loyalty programs: Their effects on program loyalty and customer loyalty. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 12(2), 95-113.
Kivetz, R., & Simonson, I. (2002). Earning the right to indulge: Effort as a determinant of customer preferences toward frequency program rewards. Journal of marketing research, 39(2), 155-170.
Krishnamurthi, P. (2007). The FMCG & RETAIL Marketing Blog: Brand Identity Prism (Kapferer). Fmcg-marketing. blogspot. fi. Np.
Kruglanski, A. W., & Mayseless, O. (1990). Classic and current social comparison research: Expanding the perspective. Psychological bulletin, 108(2), 195.
Kumar, V., & Shah, D. (2004). Building and sustaining profitable customer loyalty for the 21st century. Journal Of Retailing, 80(4), 317-329. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2004.10.007
Kyguoliene, A., Zikiene, K., & Grigaliunaite, V. (2017). The influence of perceived benefits on the satisfaction with the loyalty program. Engineering Economics, 28(1). doi:10.5755/j01.ee.28.1.14635
Lacey, R., Suh, J., & Morgan, R. M. (2007). Differential effects of preferential treatment levels on relational outcomes. Journal of Service Research, 9(3), 241-256.
Leenheer, J., Van Heerde, H. J., Bijmolt, T. H., & Smidts, A. (2007). Do loyalty programs really enhance behavioral loyalty? An empirical analysis accounting for self-selecting members. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(1), 31-47.
Lemon, K. N., & Wangenheim, F. V. (2009). The reinforcing effects of loyalty program partnerships and core service usage: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of Service Research, 11(4), 357-370.
Lewis, M. (2004). The influence of loyalty programs and short-term promotions on customer retention. Journal of marketing research, 41(3), 281-292.
Liu, Y. (2007). The long-term impact of loyalty programs on consumer purchase behavior and loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 71,No4, 19-35.
Mägi, A. W. (2003). Share of wallet in retailing: the effects of customer satisfaction, loyalty cards and shopper characteristics. Journal Of Retailing, 79(2), 97-106.
McAlexander, J. H., Schouten, J. W., & Koenig, H. F. (2002). Building brand community. Journal of Marketing, 66(1), 38-54.
McCall, M., & Voorhees, C. (2009). The Drivers of Loyalty Program Success. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(1), 35-52. doi:10.1177/1938965509355395
Melnyk, V., & van Osselaer, S. M. (2012). Make me special: Gender differences in consumers’ responses to loyalty programs. Marketing Letters, 23(3), 545-559.
Meyer-Waarden, L. (2007). The effects of loyalty programs on customer lifetime duration and share of wallet. Journal Of Retailing, 83(2), 223-236. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2007.01.002
Mimouni Chaabane, A., & Pez, V. (2017). “Make me feel special”: Are hierarchical loyalty programs a panacea for all brands? The role of brand concept. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38, 108-117. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.05.007
Mimouni Chaabane, A., & Pez, V. (2019). The reward gap in hierarchical loyalty programmes: how to enhance bottom-tier customers’ loyalty without alienating top-tier customers. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(1-2), 51-71. doi:10.1080/0267257x.2019.1694565
Mimouni-Chaabane, A., & Volle, P. (2010). Perceived benefits of loyalty programs: Scale development and implications for relational strategies. Journal of Business Research, 63(1), 32-37. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.01.008
Muniz, A. M., & O'guinn, T. C. (2001). Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 412-432.
Nunes, J. C., & Drèze, X. (2006). Your loyalty program is betraying you. Harvard business review, 84(4), 124-131; 150.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory 2nd ed. In: Mcgraw hill book company.
O'Brien, L., & Jones, C. (1995). Do rewards really create loyalty? Long range planning, 28(4), 130-130.
O'Malley, L., & Prothero, A. (2004). Beyond the frills of relationship marketing. Journal of Business Research, 57(11), 1286-1294.
Oliver Richard, L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York ˈ NY: Irwin-McGraw-Hill.
Omar, N. A., Ramly, S. M., Alam, S. S., & Nazri, M. A. (2015). Assessing the effect of loyalty program benefits in satisfaction-loyalty relationship: evidence from Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan (UKM Journal of Management), 43.
Overby, J. W., & Lee, E.-J. (2006). The effects of utilitarian and hedonic online shopping value on consumer preference and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 59(10-11), 1160-1166.
Pandit, A., & Vilches-Montero, S. (2016). Are reward cards just a business deal? The role of calculative versus emotional card commitment in driving store loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 31, 355-360.
Parasuraman, A., & Grewal, D. (2000). The impact of technology on the quality-value-loyalty chain: a research agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 168-174.
Peterson, R. A. (1995). Relationship marketing and the consumer. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 278-281.
Reichheld, F. F., & Sasser, W. E. (1990). Zero defeofions: Quoliiy comes to services. Harvard business review, 68(5), 105-111.
Ridgeway, C. L., & Walker, H. A. (1995). Status structures. Sociological perspectives on social psychology, 281, 310.
Steinhoff, L., & Palmatier, R. W. (2014). Understanding loyalty program effectiveness: managing target and bystander effects. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 88-107. doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0405-6
Thompson, C. J., Rindfleisch, A., & Arsel, Z. (2006). Emotional branding and the strategic value of the doppelgänger brand image. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 50-64.
Tillmann Wagner, T. H.-T. a. T. R. (2009). Does Customer Demotion Jeopardize Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 73, No. 3, 69-85.
Uncles, M. D., Dowling, G. R., & Hammond, K. (2003). Customer loyalty and customer loyalty programs. Journal of Consumer Marketing.
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2009). Leveling up and down: the experiences of benign and malicious envy. Emotion, 9(3), 419-429. doi:10.1037/a0015669
Van Heerde, H. J., & Bijmolt, T. H. (2005). Decomposing the promotional revenue bump for loyalty program members versus nonmembers. Journal of marketing research, 42(4), 443-457.
Wheeler, A. (2010). Designing Brand Identity: An Essential Guide for the Whole Branding Team.
Wolf, A. (2017). Allure of Membership Leveraged byCostco..
Wood, J. V., Michela, J. L., & Giordano, C. (2000). Downward comparison in everyday life: Reconciling self-enhancement models with the mood–cognition priming model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(4), 563.
Yang, Z., & Peterson, R. T. (2004). Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs. Psychology & Marketing, 21(10), 799-822.
Yeh, Y.-H., & Choi, S. M. (2011). MINI-lovers, maxi-mouths: An investigation of antecedents to eWOM intention among brand community members. Journal of marketing communications, 17(3), 145-162.
Yi, Y., & Jeon, H. (2003). Effects of loyalty programs on value perception, program loyalty, and brand loyalty. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31,No3, 229-240. doi:10.1177/0092070303253082
Young Jee Han, J. C. N. a. X. D. (2010). Signaling status with luxury goods The role of brand prominence. Journal of Marketing, 74, No. 4, 15-30.
Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
Zhou, Z., Zhang, Q., Su, C., & Zhou, N. (2012). How do brand communities generate brand relationships? Intermediate mechanisms. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 890-895.