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研究生：	陳奕全 Chen, Yi-Chuan
論文名稱：	可動態重配置嵌入式即時核心之建立 The Construction of Dynamically Reconfigurable Embedded Real-Time Kernel
指導教授：	陳　敬 Chen, Jing
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2003
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	76
中文關鍵詞：	核心、可動態重配置、即時系統、嵌入式系統
外文關鍵詞：	embedded system, dynamic recondifurability, kernel, real-time
相關次數：	點閱：56 下載：1
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本論文探討並實作一基於物件導向技術且具有動態重配置功能之嵌入式即時系統核心。嵌入式系統已廣泛應用於各種領域中，各種應用其所需之核心服務亦不相同，因此在設計核心時，必須考慮到其是否僅針對某些類型之應用而滿足其需求，或是提供較一般性的核心服務以供較多類型之應用程式使用；而設計核心時無法完全預見各種可能的應用需求，若核心架構具備可動態重配置之能力，將能夠隨著不同的應用而彈性地調整服務功能。
本研究所設計的核心架構，其主要目標是針對多樣化的嵌入式應用提供一可動態重配置核心服務功能之架構，使能滿足不同應用程式之特定需求。其可動態重配置 (dynamically reconfigurability)之特性，乃指系統能夠在應用程式執行期間做到系統服務功能之重配置，而靜態重配置性(static reconfigurability)則必須在重配置完成、系統重開機(reboot)後才能有效運作。因此動態可重配置性可應用在系統重置代價較高的即時系統上，使其能夠隨著多重應用來改變系統組態。本核心之系統服務功能則區分為基本服務及可抽換服務：基本服務是指此核心所必須提供之最基本的系統服務功能，可抽換服務則是依照不同的應用需求可動態載入之服務功能。應用程式可動態地選擇核心之可抽換服務，以更有效地滿足其需求，並可節省修改核心後重建及重置系統之時間。
此一系統核心已於一ARM架構之平台實作並具備物件導向設計、高度模組化、高度可攜性等特徵，且具備多工(multitasking)作業、可佔先式(preemptive)工作排程之功能。其所提供的服務功能，可分為六大類：執行緒管理、記憶體管理、計時器管理、信息管理、號誌管理、旗號管理等。應用程式透過一包裝成多種應用程式介面之單一入口服務以使用核心服務功能；核心之可動態重配置性則是由執行時才載入之功能模組及一核心與應用程式間之重配置協定所實作而成。

In this thesis, an object-oriented embedded real-time kernel with the capability of dynamic reconfigurability is designed and implemented. A reconfigurable kernel relieves designers of considering whether the kernel only satisfies the needs of a specific class of applications or provides a general kernel services for a wide range of applications. This is because that when designing the kernel, it is very difficult to foresee completely all possible application demands. If the kernel is eguiped with dynamic reconfigurability, then it could dynamically adjust service functions for different applications, especially, different requirements with the same function services.
The main objective of the reconfigurable kernel architecture designed in this research is to provide an architecture of dynamically reconfigurable kernel services for various embedded applications in order to satisfy different application-specific demands. The dynamic reconfigurability means the system can reconfigure its functions during application execution time, while static reconfigurability requires the system to restart after completing reconfiguration. Therefore, dynamic reconfigurability is desirable in real-time systems running applications with high cost of system shutdown and reset due to function reconfiguration. In our design, the system services provided by the kernel are divided into basic services and replaceable services: the basic services are elementary function services, while the replaceable services are function services consisting of multiple servicing modules. By means of dynamically selecting servicing modules of replaceable services, the demands of different applications can be satisfied effectively.
This kernel is implemented on an ARM7TDMI-based platform with features of object-oriented design, high modularity, high portability, multitasking, and preemptive scheduling. The kernel services are divided into six classes: thread management, memory management, timer management, semaphore management, message management, and flag management. Applications make use of kernel function services through a unified portal service packaged into various application program interfaces. The reconfigurability is implemented by a load-on-execution mechanism and a reconfiguring protocol between applications and the kernel.

第一章 簡介及背景知識...............................................1
1	   嵌入式即時作業系統簡介......................................1
2	   研究動機與背景..........................................2
3	   論文組織................................................4
第二章 相關研究.....................................................5
1	   可動態重配置性..............................................5
2	   物件導向作業系統..........................................6
3	    微核心......................................................7
4	    系統功能重配置技術..........................................8
4.1  入口對映方法...............................................8
4.2  執行期動態聯繫方法.........................................9
第三章 核心之建立...................................................12
1     核心架構..................................................12
2     實作平台..................................................15
2.1  硬體環境..................................................15
2.2  軟體環境..................................................16
2.3  Bootstrap Loader.........................................18
2.4  System Call Dispatcher...................................20
3     核心物件之描述............................................23
3.1  PCBList類別..............................................24
3.2  Thread類別................................................25
3.3  Scheduler類別............................................25
3.4  Semaphore類別............................................27
3.5  Message Queue類別........................................30
3.6  Event Flag類別...........................................32
3.7  Timer類別...............................................34
3.8  Processor類別............................................36
4    核心服務...............................................37
4.1 核心模式與使用者模式...................................37
4.2 應用程式與核心關係.....................................38
5    核心初始化..............................................41
6    應用程式之執行..........................................42
第四章 應用程式之發展..............................................43
1    開發流程...............................................43
2    使用核心服務...........................................44
2.1執行緒註冊.............................................44
2.2計數器..................................................46
2.3 IPC機制..............................................47
3    應用程式開發範例.......................................49
3.1 應用程式範例說明.......................................49
3.2 範例之部分程式碼說明...................................50
3.3 結果...................................................52
第五章 系統測試....................................................57
1    功能測試說明...............................................57
2    功能測試程式...............................................57
3    功能測試過程...............................................60
3.1 編譯及下載.................................................60
3.2 執行結果...............................................61
4    效能測試................................................64
5    討論...................................................65
第六章 結論與展望..................................................67
1    結論..................................................67
2    展望..................................................68
參考文獻...........................................................69
附錄    應用程式A原始碼...........................................71

                                    

參考文獻

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校內：2005-08-26公開
校外：2008-08-26公開

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