由於大量使用化石燃料導致氣候變遷，近年全球能源部門均致力於轉向低碳能源，其中太陽能已蔚為各國大力推廣的再生能源。考量到2017年電業法通過新法案推動「綠電先行」，太陽能市場需求量勢必遽增，未來若無法有效地解決為數可觀的廢太陽能板，基於廢棄物中含有部分有毒物質，將對環境造成嚴重的衝擊。

隨著環保意識提高，使得各國太陽能產業面臨嚴峻的環境責任壓力，各國除了建立相關環保法規，更是積極研發矽晶與薄膜太陽能板回收技術。目前歐盟已有自發性的回收機構PV Cycle 進行回收處理，台灣目前並沒有建構相關的回收處理機制，未來若能夠翻轉過去末端管理的思維，納入循環經濟的概念，將太陽能板廢棄物轉換為資源再生的材料，此不僅能為靜脈產業創造獲利，更能有效舒緩太陽能產業的環境壓力，取得環境與經濟間雙贏的局面。

本研究以可靠度結合物質流分析法之預測模型，探討國內太陽能板廢棄物產生的嚴重性。考量到產品壽命失效分配、技術提升等修正因子，模擬三階段情境分別為：基準情境、FIT制度影響及提早退役影響等情境，並以綜合情境計算出2000~2050年之太陽能板廢棄量，針對有害物質對環境的衝擊影響、儲備稀有元素的重要性，以及再生物料帶來的回收產值，探究其經濟效益和環境成本等綜合性問題，最後加以論述台灣太陽能板廢棄物之回收策略。

研究結果顯示，情境一考量到太陽能板正常退役之實際情況，自2050年廢棄量出現轉折點其數量約為88,000公噸，最後廢棄量將趨於恆定約為50,000公噸。情境二考量到躉購費率保證收購20年電力，自2040年將產生最多太陽能板廢棄量約為191,438公噸，隨著FIT制度的影響，年滿20年的太陽能板將會自動形成淘汰機制。情境三考量到電力市場自由化後，未來躉購制度將可能退出市場，自2035年出現最大量的太陽能板廢棄物約為195,513公噸，未來太陽能板可能在國內提早退役，並在第三世界國家延長其使用壽命，國內進而發展更高效能的太陽能板。

綜觀綜合情境結果，得知2020年太陽能板累積廢棄量將達2,658~2,670公噸，2030年累積廢棄量將達24,389~31,337公噸，2040年累積廢棄量將達184,279~714,655公噸，2050年累積廢棄量將達865,190~1,488,498公噸。鑒於太陽能板中有毒物質將造成環境與人體健康危害，其毒性將逐年累積，本研究範疇僅針對鉛、鎘兩元素計算其環境成本，真正的環境成本將超過本研究計算之數值，若不妥善處理，2020年至少需花費23,637,714~23,714,919元的環境成本，2025年至少需花費83,308,128~83,810,605元的環境成本，2030年至少需要花費180,371,209~280,663,113元的環境成本，因此應儘早將太陽能板廢棄物進行回收再生處理，相對緩解國內太陽能產業稀有元素不足之問題。至於台灣太陽能板廢棄量中資源化產值，結果預估2020年為53,095,740 ~53,561,434元，2025年為182,576,993 ~184,606,067元，2030年為460,672,165 ~610,787,012元。

本研究建議政府透過「環保署基管會」協助規範製造商負起相關責任且建立「徵收回收處理費」的機制，誘導整個市場朝向易回收的方向發展，其中太陽能板回收運作模式，若為私人住宅用戶統一交由環保署的縣市政府清潔隊進行回收處理；而系統商則直接交由工業局進行回收，並建立「綠色電子標籤」或是「模組序號」來確認製造商之責任歸屬。然而，國內迄今並無具體的太陽能板退場機制，建議國內太陽能產業遵循循環經濟的角度改善回收管理策略，而政府應積極擬定相關法令和配套措施，此將有助於產業朝向零廢棄的願景以及活絡再生資源的利用，以促進動脈與靜脈產業間共生共榮。

Due to the massive use of fossil fuels for climate change, the global energy sector has been turning to low-carbon energy sources in recent years. At present, solar energy has become a renewable energy source promoted by various countries. In 2017, if a large number of waste photovoltaic panels can’t be effectively solved, the waste will contain some toxic substances, which will have a serious impact on the environment.

This study combines reliability with a predictive model of material flow analysis . Exploring the seriousness of domestic photovoltaic panel waste generation, which considers the correction factors such as product life failure distribution and technology improvement. Three scenarios were simulated, respectively the baseline scenario, the FIT scenario and the early retirement scenario. The amount of photovoltaic panels Discovered from 2000 to 2050 was calculated in an integrated scenario. In response to the impact of harmful substances on the environment, the importance of storing rare elements, and the recovery value of recycled materials, explore the comprehensive issues of economic benefits and environmental costs, and finally discuss the recycling strategy of photovoltaic panels in Taiwan.

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the solar industry in various countries is facing severe environmental responsibility pressure. In addition to establishing relevant environmental regulations, each country is actively researching and developing photovoltaic panel recycling technology. However, there is currently no specific mechanism for photovoltaic panel recycling in Taiwan. It is recommended that the domestic solar industry follow the perspective of the circular economy to improve the recycling management strategy. The government should actively draft relevant laws and supporting measures, which will help the industry to face the vision of zero waste.

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三、網站資訊
1. 6R環保政策網站 http://recycle.epb.taichung.gov.tw/recying/recying_16.asp
2. LME 倫敦金屬交易所 https://www.lme.com/
3. PV Cycle 網站 www.pvcycle.org/
4. 二級材料價格指標 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Recycling_%E2%80%93_secondary_material_price_indicator
5. 上海金屬市場網站 https://price.metal.com/
6. 日本太陽能回收示範工程執行委員會 www.jpvcollection.jp/inquiry/privacypolicy.html
7. 日本經濟產業省自然資源和能源局 www.enecho.meti.go.jp/
8. 加利福尼亞危險廢物處置法規網站 http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/LawsRegsPolicies/index.cfm
9. 台灣電力公司網站 https://www.taipower.com.tw/
10. 弗勞恩霍夫太陽能系統研究中心(Fraunhofer ISE) https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/
11. 有害物質限制指令-維基百科
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/危害性物質限制指令
12. 能源信息管理局(EIA)網站-月報 https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/
13. 國家環境毒物研究中心 http://nehrc.nhri.org.tw/toxic/toxfaq.php
14. 國際化學品政策宣導網 https://www.chemexp.org.tw/content/law/CountryLawList.aspx
15. 產品生態化設計 -台灣產業服務基金會網站 https://www.ftis.org.tw/project-in.aspx?id=63
16. 陽光屋頂百萬座計畫網站 www.mrpv.org.tw/
17. 綠色貿易資訊網-國際法規規範 https://www.greentrade.org.tw/zh-hant/request/criterion
18. 廢電子電機設備指令- 維基百科
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/廢電子電機設備指令