本研究首先介紹蔬果直接採購與透過批發市場的優劣，進而列出影響零售商直接採購其遴選蔬果供貨商的準則。由於過去零售商直接採購之遴選蔬果供應商研究大多為質性研究，缺乏零售商直接採購時，其權衡蔬果供貨商各項考量準則的相對重要性。本研究經過與各零售商的蔬果採購專業經理人訪談、補充相關實務界遴選準則後，進而對專家群體施測兩階段問卷。研究結果顯示蔬果上游供應商欲進入大型零售通路，應首重產品構面中的產品品質、品質一致性、食用安全、充足供貨量；成本構面中的進貨價格、大量採購折扣；服務構面中的退貨抱怨處理政策。

This study introduce the comparison between the direct purchase of fruits and vegetables and the traditional wholesale market, following the factors influencing supplier selection for fresh produce retailers through the direct buying channel. In the past, researches about supplier selection for the fresh produce retailers through direct buying channel are almost qualitative. There are few researches discussing the relative order of each selection criteria according to its importance.
After interviewing with each purchasing manager on fresh produce to supplement the real-world selection criterion, we practice two-step expertise questionnaire on each purchasing manager. The results of this study demonstrate the characteristics fruit and vegetable suppliers need to possess in order to enter into retail supermarkets. These characteristics are quality, consistency, food safety, sufficiency in the product dimension；price and discounts in the cost dimension；and policy regarding returns/handling complaints in the service dimension.

一、中文參考文獻
1. 徐村和（1998），模糊德菲層級分析法，模糊系統學刊，第四卷，第一期，頁59-72。
2. 張有恆、徐村和（1993），模糊度量AHP法-交通運輸計畫評估新模式，中華民國第一屆模糊理論與應用研討會，頁365-371。
3. 許文富（2004），農產運銷學。臺北：正中。
4. 陳巨星（2002），農特產品靠宅配通路闖出一片天下。物流技術與戰略，第二十六期，頁74-77。
5. 陳昭宏（2001），亞太港埠競爭力與核心能力指標之研究，運輸學刊，第一卷，第十三期，頁1-25。
6. 曾國雄、鄧振源（1989），『層級分析法（AHP）的內涵特性與應用（上）』，中國統計學報，第二十七卷，第六期，頁5-22。
7. 曾國雄、鄧振源（1989），『層級分析法（AHP）的內涵特性與應用（下）』，中國統計學報，第二十七卷，第七期，頁1-20。
8. 黃欽榮（1995），我國加入GATT農產運銷部門因應對策之研究。自由中國之工業，第84期，頁25-52。
9. 詹德榮（2005），農產運銷通路與策略。台灣農家要覽。頁299-302
二、英文參考文獻
1. Andrew, F. and David, H. (2000). Success factors in the fresh produce supply chain. British Food Journal, 102(10), 760-772.
2. Bartoszynski, R. and Puri, M. L. (1981). On estimating inter-subject variability of choice probabilities under observability constraints. Interim Technical Report.
3. Brown, J.R. and Purwar, P.C. (1980). A Cross-Channel Comparison of Retail Supplier Selection Factors. Marketing in the Eighties, Chicago: American Marketing.
4. Buckley, J. J. (1985). Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy Sets and Systems., 17(3), 233-247.
5. Cadilhon, J. J., Fearne, A. P., Hughes, D. R. and Moustier, P. (2003). Wholesale markets and food distribution in Europe: new strategies for old functions. Discussion Paper No. 2, Centre for Food Chain.
6. Cebi, F. and Bayraktar, D. (2003). An integrated approach for supplier selection. Logistics information management, 16(6), 395-400.
7. Cook, R. (1999). An overview of key food industry drivers: implication for the fresh produce industry. Journal of food distribution research, 30(1), 1-4.
8. Davies, G. (1990). Marketing to retailers: a battle for distribution. Long Range Planning, 23(6), 101-108.
9. Dubois, D. and Prade, H. (1978). Operations on fuzzy numbers. International Journal of System Science, 9(6), 613-626.
10. Fiorito, S. S.(1990). Testing a portion of Sheth’s theory of merchandise buying behavior with small apparel firms’. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 14(4), 19-34.
11. Francis and Brown (1985). Retail buyers of apparel and appliances: a comparision’. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 4(1), 1-8.
12. Hansen, K. (2001). Purchasing decision behavior by Chinese supermarkets. The international review of retail, distribution and consumer research, 11(2), 159-175.
13. Hansen, T. H. and Skytte, H. (1998). Retailer buying behavior: a review. The international review of retail, distribution and consumer research, 8(3), 277-301.
14. Hobbs, J. E. and Young, L. M. (2000). Closer vertical co-ordination in agri-food supply chain: a conceptual framework and some preliminary evidence, Supply Chain Management, 5(3), 131–143.
15. Kahraman, C. Cebeci, U., and Ulakan, Z. (2003). Multi-criteria supplier selection using fuzzy AHP. Logistics Information Management, 16(6), 382-394.
16. Kaufman, P., Handy, C., McLaughlin, E., Park, A., and Green, G.(2000). Understanding the dynamics of produce markets: consumption and consolidation grow, AIB-758, USDA/ERS.
17. Laarhoven, P. J. M. and Pedrycz, W. (1983). A fuzzy extension of Satty’s priority theory. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 11(3), 229-241.
18. Masayoshi, M. and Mitsunori, H.(2007). The evolution of fresh produce supply chains: from spot markets to contracts. The international review of retail, distribution and consumer research, 17(4), 359-376.
19. Massy, W.F.(1969). Forecasting the demand for new convenience products. Journal of Marketing Research, 6(4), 405-412.
20.McCluskey, J.J. and O’Rourke, A.D. (2000). Relationships between produce supply firms and retailers in the new food supply chain. Journal of food distribution research, 31(3), 11-20.
21. McGoldrick, P. J. and Douglas, R. A. (1983). Factors influencing the choice of a supplier by grocery distributors, European Journal of marketing, 17(5), 13-27.
22. McLaughlin, E.W.(1995). Buying and selling practices in the fresh fruit and vegetable industry in the USA: a new research agenda. The international review of retail, distribution and consumer research, 5(1), 37-62.
23. Millet, I. and Harker, P. T. (1990). Globally effective questioning in the analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 88-91.
24. Nillson J. and Host, V. (1987). Reseller assortment decision criteria, Aarhus: JAI Press.
25. Parker, M., Bridson, K. and Evans, J. (2006). Motivations for developing direct trade relationships, International Journal of retail and distribution management, 34(2), 121–134.
26. Pellegrini, L. and Zanderighi, L.(1991). New products: manufacturers' versus retailers' decision criteria, The international review of retail, distribution and consumer research, 1(2), 149-174.
27. Roper-Lowe, G. C. and Sharp, J. A. (1990). The analytic hierarchy process and its application to an information technology decision. Journal of Operational Research Society, 41(1), 49-60.
28. Satty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
29. Sexton, R. J. and Lavoie, N. (2001). Food processing and distribution: an industrial organization approach, in: B. Gardner and G. Rausser (Eds) Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 1B, 863–932.
30. Shaw, S. A., Dawson, J. A., and Blair, L. M. A. (1992). The sourcing of retailer brand food products by a UK retailer. Journal of marketing management, 8(3), 127-146.
31. Sheth, J.N. (1981). A theory of merchandise buying behavior. Theory in retailing, American Marketing Association.
32. Skytte, H. and Blunch, N. J.(2005). Buying behavior of western European food retailers. Journal of marketing channels, 13(2), 99-129.
33. Streeter, D. H., Sonka, S. T. and Hudson, M. A. (1991). Information technology, coordination, and competitiveness in the food and agribusiness sector, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73(5), 1465–1471.
34. Teng, J. Y. and Tzeng, G. H. (1993). Transportation investment project selection with fuzzy multiobjective programming. Transportation planning and technology, 17(2),91-112.
35. Wagner, J., Ettenson, R., and Parrish, J. (1989). Vendor selection among retail buyers: An analysis by merchandise division. Journal of retailing, 65(1), 58-77.
36. Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and control, 8(3), 338-353.
37. Zuurbier, P.J.P.(1999). Supply chain management in the fresh produce industry: A mile to go? Journal of food distribution research, 30(1), 20-30.
三、網站資料
1. 中華民國統計資訊網，(http://www.stat.gov.tw/mp.asp)
2. 中國農業科學院農業資訊研究所，(http://sdic.caas.net.cn/)
3. 台灣農產品安全追溯資訊網，(http://taft.coa.gov.tw/index.asp)
4. 台北農產運銷股份有限公司，(http://www.tapmc.com.tw/)
5. 行政院新聞局，(http://www.gio.gov.tw/)
6. 交通部中央氣象局，(http://www.cwb.gov.tw/)
7. 農委會，(http://www.coa.gov.tw/index_intro.php)
8. 農委會-產銷班組織體系資料服務系統，(http://agrapp.coa.gov.tw/agr-Sed/agrJsp/main_g.jsp)