ABSTRACT

Extreme weathers induced by global climate changes can trigger extraordinary landslides by multiple mechanisms such as intense rainfall, gradual glacial melting, significant groundwater level change, terrible stream erosion, huge vegetation loss and many other intense geological, environmental, hydrological, seismic, artificial reasons. These unusual landslides near streams, rivers, dams, etc. can generate mega waves and huge inundations to surrounding and downstream areas which can lead to tragedies, loss of lives and infrastructure damages. The famous 1958 Lithuya Bay tsunami in Alaska, USA caused by a large-scale subaerial landslide generated 524m mega wave which is the world’s highest tsunami wave well recorded in history. The catastrophic 1963 Vajont giant subaerial landslide-induced mega waves with 245m wave run-up height triggered at Vajont dam, Erto e Casso, Italy which tragically killed about 2500 lives. In 1998, a submarine landslide-induced impulsive waves occurred at Sissano Lagoon, North Coast, Papua New Guinea with 15m peak wave run-up elevation and over 2200 deaths. Moreover, a recent 2015 Tann Fjord landslide at Icy Bay, Alaska, USA produced impulsive waves about 193m in maximum run-up wave elevation. These historical events warn us the disastrous large-scale landslides can happen not only in lands but also underwater areas and related consequences of giant and immense waves can cause tragic disaster events with terrible casualties. Therefore, the study on the landslide-induced mega waves becomes popular and plays an important role in the disaster mitigations and managements.
This study emphasizes on the landslide-induced mega waves and related maximum wave run-up. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method offers great effectiveness in solving of engineering problems including landslides and related hazards. Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method provides special solutions in fluid dynamic problems including incompressible flows. Combination of these two methods can lead a solution to the typical solid-fluid interaction related problems. A recent coupling 2D DDA-MPS method is successfully developed and is ready to challenge the upcoming solid-fluid interaction related problems. The classical validation tests for both particular methods such as block-sliding test of single DDA method and dam-break test of single MPS method, and for the coupled method such as landslide-generated waves test are implemented and investigated step by step to achieve the final goal of the case studies of past event validation tests in the Taan Fjord landslide area in Alaska, USA and future event prediction scenarios in the potential Nanhua No.1 dip-slope landslide area in Taiwan together with the simulations and validations compared to the analytical solutions, previous studies and empirical formulae by using the coupling DDA-MPS method. As the coupling method is recently developed and new for the studies related with the landslide-induced mega waves, it is an interesting thing to find out the effectiveness, performance and degree of reliability for the simulations, especially for the experimental tests and practical case studies. Thus, challenges and correctness of the coupled DDA-MPS method will be discovered and discussed in this study for the landslide-induced mega waves from the disaster mitigation and prevention aspect.

Keywords: Landslide-induced mega waves, Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA), Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS), Coupling DDA-MPS method

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