本研究應用量化方法提出一套能耐基礎模型以評估組織競爭優勢。組織能耐是影響組織競爭力與永續發展的主要來源，故當一家企業缺乏必須能耐時，其將無法獲得競爭優勢。於此情況下，與競爭者進行協同合作可能是提升該企業競爭優勢的最佳方法，因為與競爭者協同合作較有可能使企業快速地獲得所需資源及能耐。為了協助企業了解自身的能耐效率以辨識其競爭強度，本研究將分別以效用函數以及效率分析方法，發展兩個不同的組織能耐評量模型。再透過資源獨立理論及賽局理論，並整合Miles and Snow策略型態以發展協同合作決策模型，協助企業挑選合適的協同合作行動，包括挑選適當的合作夥伴、制定能耐移轉策略以及協同合作的績效評估。最後，本研究從S&P COMPUSTAT資料庫中，蒐集35家全球半導體企業（即標準產業分類碼為3674之企業）2001年至2010年之財務資料，來進行實證分析以驗證模式可行性。結果發現，本研究所發展之模式是協助企業制定及規劃協同合作策略的有效參考工具，可使企業透過協同合作重新進行組織資源與能耐的配置，以回應環境變化獲得更佳之績效。

A capability-based model is proposed using a quantitative approach to evaluate organizational competitive advantage. Organizational capability is a source of competitive advantage and sustainability. Once a company lacks necessary capabilities, it is likely to fail to gain a competitive advantage. In the case, engaging in collaboration with rivals may be the best way to enhance the competitive advantage of this company, since such activity has the potential to offer significant and faster access to both resources and capabilities. In order to help a company understand the efficiencies of its organizational capabilities and competitive strengths, two models for capability measurement are developed respectively based on utility measurement and efficiency measurement in this study. Furthermore, a decision framework to model decision-making related to collaboration activities based on resource dependency theory and game theory is proposed, in which collaborative strategies are from the Miles and Snow typology. This framework enables a company to improve the process of selecting, which potential partner is most suitable to collaborate with, what capability transfer policy should be formulated, and how much performance can be improved. An empirical data set of 35 global semiconductor companies (i.e., SIC Code 3674) collected from the S&P COMPUSTAT database for the ten years examined (i.e., during the period 2001—2010) is adopted to verify the model. The result illustrates that the proposed model is a useful tool for assisting top management in planning and formulating an appropriate collaboration strategy, as well as for reallocating organizational resources and capabilities to response environmental changes to achieve a better performance.

1. Adelman, D. (2007), "Dynamic Bid Prices in Revenue Management", Operations Research, 55 (4), pp. 647-661.
2. Agarwal, R., and Selen, W. (2009), "Dynamic capability building in service value networks for achieving service innovation", Decision Sciences, 40 (3), pp. 431-475.
3. Aggarwal, V. A., Siggelkow, N., and Singh, H. (2011), "Governing collaborative activity: Interdependence and the impact of coordination and exploration", Strategic Management Journal, 32 (7), pp. 705-730.
4. Allred, C. R., Fawcett, S. E., Wallin, C., and Magnan, G. M. (2011), "A dynamic collaboration capability as a source of competitive advantage", Decision Sciences, 42 (1), pp. 129-161.
5. Andersén, J. (2011), "Strategic resources and firm performance", Management Decision, 49 (1), pp. 87-98.
6. Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., Law, J., and Walker, R. M. (2009), "Centralization, organizational strategy, and public service performance", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19 (1), pp. 57-80.
7. Bahinipati, B. K., and Deshmukh, S. G. (2012), "A conceptual framework for lateral collaboration in semiconductor industry supply networks", International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 12 (2), pp. 132-157.
8. Bahinipati, B. K., Kanda, A., and Deshmukh, S. G. (2009), "Horizontal collaboration in semiconductor manufacturing industry supply chain: An evaluation of collaboration intensity index", Computers & Industrial Engineering, 57 (3), pp. 880-895.
9. Balsam, S., Fernando, G. D., and Tripathy, A. (2011), "The impact of firm strategy on performance measures used in executive compensation", Journal of Business Research, 64 (2), pp. 187-193.
10. Bansak, C., Morin, N., and Starr, M. (2007), "Technology, capital spending, and capacity utilization", Economic Inquiry, 45 (3), pp. 631-645.
11. Barney, J. B. (1991), "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", Journal of Management, 17 (1), pp. 99-120.
12. Barney, J. B. (2002), Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
13. Barney, J. B., and Hesterly, W. S. (2006), Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
14. Bello, D. C., Lohtia, R., and Dant, S. P. (1999), "Collaborative relationships for component development: The role of strategic issues, production costs, and transaction costs", Journal of Business Research, 45 (1), pp. 15-31.
15. Beynon, M. J., Andrews, R., and Boyne, G. A. (2010), "Evidence-based modelling of strategic fit: An introduction to RCaRBS", European Journal of Operational Research, 207 (2), pp. 886-896.
16. Bosse, D. A., and Alvarez, S. A. (2010), "Bargaining power in alliance governance negotiations: Evidence from the biotechnology industry", Technovation, 30 (5-6), pp. 367-375.
17. Boulding, W., and Christen, M. (2008), "Disentangling pioneering cost advantages and disadvantages", Marketing Science, 27 (4), pp. 699-716.
18. Boulianne, E. (2007), "Revisiting fit between AIS design and performance with the analyzer strategic-type", International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 8 (1), pp. 1-16.
19. Boyne, G. A., and Walker, R. M. (2010), "Strategic management and public service performance: The way ahead", Public Administration Review, 70 (1), pp. 185-192.
20. Burke, G. J., Carrillo, J. E., and Vakharia, A. J. (2007), "Single versus multiple supplier sourcing strategies", European Journal of Operational Research, 182 (1), pp. 95-112.
21. Castanias, R. P., and Helfat, C. E. (1991), "Managerial resources and rents", Journal of Management, 17 (1), pp. 155-171.
22. Chakravarty. (2009), Microeconomics, Allied Publishers, New Delhi.
23. Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., and Rhodes, E. (1978), "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units", European Journal of Operational Research, 3 (4), pp. 429-444.
24. Chatain, O. (2011), "Value creation, competition, and performance in buyer-supplier relationships", Strategic Management Journal, 32 (1), pp. 76-102.
25. Chen, G., and Klimoski, R. J. (2007), "Training and development of human resources at work: is the state of our science strong?", Human Resource Management Review, 17 (2), pp. 180-190.
26. Chen, Y., Fung, R. Y. K., and Tang, J. (2006), "Rating technical attributes in fuzzy QFD by integrating fuzzy weighted average method and fuzzy expected value operator", European Journal of Operational Research, 174 (3), pp. 1553-1566.
27. Choi, S. Y., Lee, H., and Yoo, Y. (2010), "The impact of information technology and transactive memory systems on knowledge sharing, application, and team performance: A field study", MIS Quarterly, 34 (4), pp. 855-870.
28. Churchill, G. A. (1979), "A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs", Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (1), pp. 64-73.
29. Cohen, W. M., and Levinthal, D. A. (1990), "Absorptive capacity: A now perspective on learning and innovation", Administrative Science Quarterly, 35 (1), pp. 128-152.
30. Coman, A., and Ronen, B. (2009), "Focused SWOT: diagnosing critical strengths and weaknesses", International Journal of Production Research, 47 (20), pp. 5677-5689.
31. Conant, J. S., Mokwa, M. P., and Varadarajan, P. R. (1990), "Strategic types, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance: A multiple measures-based study", Strategic Management Journal, 11 (5), pp. 365-383.
32. Cool, K. O., and Schendel, D. (1987), "Strategic group formation and performance: The case of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, 1963-1982", Management Science, 33 (9), pp. 1102-1124.
33. Copeland, T., Koller, T., and Murrin, J. (1996), Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies, Wiley, New York.
34. Cronan, R. P., Douglas, D. E., Alnuaimi, O., and Schmidt, P. J. (2011), "Decision making in an integrated business process context: Learning using an ERP simulation game", Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 9 (2), pp. 227-234.
35. Crossland, C., and Hambrick, D. C. (2011), "Differences in managerial discretion across countries: how nation-level institutions affect the degree to which CEOs matter", Strategic Management Journal, 32 (8), pp. 797-819.
36. Damanpour, F., Walker, R. M., and Avellaneda, C. N. (2009), "Combinative effects of innovation types and organizational performance: A longitudinal study of service organizations", Journal of Management Studies, 46 (4), pp. 650-675.
37. David, J. S., Hwang, Y., Pei, B. K., and Reneau, W. (2002), "The performance effects of congruence between product competitive strategies and purchasing management design", Management Science, 48 (7), pp. 866-885.
38. DeSarbo, W. S., Di Benedetto, C. A., Jedidi, K., and Song, M. (2006), "Identifying sources of heterogeneity for empirically deriving strategic types: A constrained finite-mixture structural-equation methodology", Management Science, 52 (6), pp. 909-924.
39. Dess, G. G., Gupta, A., Hennart, J. F., and Hill, D. W. L. (1995), "Conducting and integrating strategy research at the international corporate and business levels: issues and directions", Journal of Management, 21 (3), pp. 357-393.
40. Ding, H., and Gong, L. G. (2008), "The effect of testing equipment shift on optimal decisions in a repetitive testing process", European Journal of Operational Research, 186 (1), pp. 330-350.
41. Ding, X., and Huang, R. (2010), "Effects of knowledge spillover on inter-organizational resource sharing decision in collaborative knowledge creation", European Journal of Operational Research, 201 (3), pp. 949-959.
42. Dixit, A., and Skeath, S. (2004), Games of Strategy, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.
43. Donelson, D. C. (2011), "Changes over time in the revenue-expense relation: Accounting or economics?", The Accounting Review, 86 (3), pp. 945-974.
44. Dussauge, P., Garrette, B., and Mitchell, W. (2000), "Learning from competing partners: Outcomes and durations of scale and link alliances in Europe, North America and Asia", Strategic Management Journal, 21 (2), pp. 99-126.
45. Dutta, S., Narasimhan, O., and Rajiv, S. (1999), "Success in high-technology markets: Is marketing capability critical?", Management Science, 18 (4), pp. 547-568.
46. Fiss, P. C. (2011), "Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research", Academy of Management Journal, 54 (2), pp. 393-420.
47. Fjeldstad, Ø. D., Snow, C. C., Miles, R. E., and Lettl, C. (2012), "The architecture of collaboration", Strategic Management Journal, 33 (6), pp. 734-750.
48. Forslund, H. (2007), "The impact of performance management on customers' expected logistics performance", International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 27 (8), pp. 901-918.
49. Gaiardelli, P., Saccani, N., and Songini, L. (2007), "Performance measurement of the after-sales service network-evidence from the automotive industry", Computers in Industry, 58 (7), pp. 698-708.
50. Glomseth, R., Gottschalk, P., and Solli-Sæther, H. (2007), "Occupational culture as determinant of knowledge sharing and performance in police investigations", International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 35 (2), pp. 96-107.
51. Gnyawali, D. R., and Park, B. (2011), "Co-opetition between giants: Collaboration with competitors for technological innovation", Research Policy, 40 (5), pp. 650-663.
52. Grant, R. M. (1996), "Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration", Organization Science, 7 (4), pp. 375-387.
53. Gunasekaran, A., and Kobu, B. (2007), "Performance measures and metrics in logistics and supply chain management: a review of recent literature (1995-2004) for research and applications", International Journal of Production Research, 45 (12), pp. 2819-2840.
54. Guo, C. (2007), "Is sustainable competitive advantage an achievable holy grail: The relevance gap between academia and business", Journal of Business and Management, 13 (2), pp. 115-126.
55. Hallgren, M., and Olhager, J. (2009), "Flexibility configurations: empirical analysis of volume and product mix flexibility", Omega, 37 (4), pp. 746-756.
56. Hambrick, D. C. (1983), "Some tests of the effectiveness and functional attributes of Miles and Snow's strategic types", Academy of Management Journal, 26 (1), pp. 5-26.
57. Hax, A. C., and Majluf, N. S. (1996), The Strategy Concept and Process: A Pragmatic Approach, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
58. Hersh, M. (2006), Mathematical Modelling for Sustainable Development, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York.
59. Hill, C. W. L., and Jones, G. R. (2010), Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, South-Western, New York.
60. Holweg, M., and Miemczyk, J. (2003), "Delivering the '3-day car' - the strategic implications for automotive logistics operations", Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 9 (2), pp. 63-71.
61. Huy, Q. N. (2012), "How middle managers' group-focus emotions and social identities influence strategy implementation", Strategic Management Journal, 32 (13), pp. 1387-1410.
62. Inkpen, A. C., and Tsang, E. W. K. (2005), "Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer", The Academy of Management Review, 30 (1), pp. 146-165.
63. Jawahar, I. M., and Mclaughlin, G. L. (2001), "Toward a descriptive stakeholder theory: an organizational life cycle approach", Academy of Management Review, 26 (3), pp. 397-414.
64. Kabanoff, B., and Brown, S. (2008), "Knowledge structures of prospectors, analyzers, and defenders: Content, structure, stability, and performance", Strategic Management Journal, 29 (2), pp. 149-171.
65. Kearns, G. S. (2005), "An electronic commerce strategic typology: Insights from case studies", Information & Management, 42 (7), pp. 1023-1036.
66. Kim, D., and Lee, R. P. (2010), "Systems collaboration and strategic collaboration: Their impacts on supply chain responsiveness and market performance", Decision Sciences, 41 (4), pp. 955-981.
67. Kim, T. G., Hornung, S., and Rousseau, D. M. (2011), "Change-supportive employee behavior: Antecedents and the moderating role of time", Journal of Management, 37 (6), pp. 1664-1693.
68. Klir, G. J., and Yuan, B. (2005), Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications, Pearson Education Taiwan Ltd, Taiwan.
69. Kogut, B. (1991), "Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire", Management Science, 37 (1), pp. 19-33.
70. Koh, C. E., Nam, K. T., Prybutok, N. R., and Lee, S. (2007), "A value chain perspective of internet practices, e-readiness and organizational performance: a comparison of US and South Korean firms", Industrial Management and Data Systems, 107 519-536.
71. Kraaijenbrink, J., Spender, J. C., and Groen, A. J. (2010), "The resource-based view: a review and assessment of its critiques", Journal of Management, 36 (1), pp. 349-372.
72. Kumar, S., Massie, C., and Dumonceaux, M. D. (2006), "Comparative innovative business strategies of major players in cosmetic industry", Industrial Management and Data Systems, 106 285-306.
73. Kunc, M. H., and Morecroft, J. D. W. (2010), "Managerial decision making and firm performance under a resource-based paradigm", Strategic Management Journal, 31 (11), pp. 1164-1182.
74. Lai, W. (2011), "Willingness-to-engage in technology transfer in industry－university collaborations", Journal of Business Research, 64 (11), pp. 1218-1223.
75. Laugen, B. T., Boer, H., and Acur, N. (2006), "The new product development improvement motives and practices of Miles and Snow's prospectors, analysers and defenders", Creativity and Innovation Management, 15 (1), pp. 85-95.
76. Lev, B., Petrovits, C., and Radhakrishnan, S. (2010), "Is doing good good for you? How corporate charitable contributions enhance revenue growth", Strategic Management Journal, 31 (2), pp. 182-200.
77. Lin, C., Tsai, H., Wu, Y., and Kiang, M. (2012), "A fuzzy quantitative VRIO-based framework for evaluating organizational activities", Management Decision, 50 (8), pp. 1396-1411.
78. Liu, J., Baskaran, A., and Li, S. (2009), "Building technological-innovation-based strategic capabilities at firm level in China: a dynamic resource-based-view case study", Industry and Innovation, 16 (4-5), pp. 411-434.
79. Luderer, B., Nollau, V., and Vetters, K. (2007), Mathematical Formulas for Economists, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York.
80. Luo, X., and Bhattacharya, C. B. (2009), "The debate over doing good: Corporate social performance, strategic marketing levers, and firm-idiosyncratic risk", Journal of Marketing, 73 (6), pp. 198-213.
81. Mahmood, I. P., Zhu, H., and Zajac, E. J. (2011), "Where can capabilities come from? Network ties and capability acquisition in business groups", Strategic Management Journal, 32 (8), pp. 820-848.
82. Mankiw, N. G. (2011), Principles of Economics, Cengage Learning, Ohio.
83. Mariadoss, B. J., Tansuhaj, P. S., and Mouri, N. (2011), "Marketing capabilities and innovation-based strategies for environmental sustainability: An exploratory investigation of B2B firms", Industrial Marketing Management, 40 (8), pp. 1305-1318.
84. Mehrez, A., and Sinuany-Stern, Z. (1983), "Resource allocation to interrelated risky projects using a multiattribute utility function", Management Science, 29 (4), pp. 430-439.
85. Mesquita, L. F., and Lazzarini, S. G. (2008), "Horizontal and vertical relationships in developing economies: Implications for SMEs' access to global markets", Academy of Management Journal, 51 (2), pp. 359-380.
86. Miles, R. E., and Snow, C. C. (1978), Organization Strategy, Structure, and Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.
87. Moore, M. (2005), "Towards a confirmatory model of retail strategy types: An empirical test of Miles and Snow", Journal of Business Research, 58 (5), pp. 696-704.
88. Murphy, M., Perrot, F., and Rivera-Santos, M. (2012), "New perspectives on learning and innovation in cross-sector collaborations", Journal of Business Research, 65 (12), pp. 1700-1709.
89. Newbert, S. L. (2007), "Empirical research on the resource-based view of the firm: An assessment and suggestions for future research", Strategic Management Journal, 28 (2), pp. 121-146.
90. Ngo, L. V., and O'Cass, A. (2009), "Creating value offerings via operant resource-based capabilities", Industrial Marketing Management, 38 (1), pp. 45-59.
91. O'Sullivan, D., and Abela, A. V. (2007), "Marketing performance measurement ability and firm performance", Journal of Marketing, 71 (2), pp. 79-93.
92. Oh, J., and Rhee, S. (2010), "Influences of supplier capabilities and collaboration in new car development on competitive advantage of carmakers", Management Decision, 48 (5), pp. 756-774.
93. Peteraf, M., and Shanley, M. (1997), "Getting to know you: A theory of strategic group identity", Strategic Management Journal, 18 (Summer Special Issue), pp. 165-186.
94. Pinto, J. C., and Curto, J. D. (2007), "The organizational configuration concept as a contribution to the performance explanation: The case of the pharmaceutical industry in Portugal", European Management Journal, 25 (1), pp. 60-78.
95. Porac, J. F., Thomas, H., and Baden-Fuller, C. (2011), "Competitive groups as cognitive communities: The case of Scottish Knitwear manufacturers revisited", Journal of Management Studies, 48 (3), pp. 646-664.
96. Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Free Press, New York.
97. Porter, M. E. (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, The Free Press, New York.
98. Priem, R. L., and Butler, J. E. (2001), "Is the resource-based "view" a useful perspective for strategic management research?", Academy of Management Review, 26 (1), pp. 22-40.
99. Quinn, R. E., and Cameron, K. (1983), "Organizational life cycles and shifting criteria of effectiveness: some preliminary evidence", Management Science, 29 (1), pp. 33-51.
100. Richard, O. C., Ford, D., and Ismail, K. (2006), "Exploring the performance effects of visible attribute diversity: the moderating role of span of control and organizational life cycle", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17 (12), pp. 2091-2109.
101. Ritala, P., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., and Blomqvist, K. (2009), "Tug of war in innovation-coopetitive service development", International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 12 (3), pp. 255-272.
102. Roh, J. J., Kunnathur, A., and Tarafdar, M. (2009), "Classification of RFID adoption: An expected benefits approach", Information & Management, 46 (6), pp. 357-363.
103. Ryu, S., and Eyuboglu, N. (2007), "The environment and its impact on satisfaction with supplier performance: an investigation of the mediating effects of control mechanisms from the perspective of the manufacturer in the U.S.A.", Industrial Marketing Management, 36 (4), pp. 458-469.
104. Sahlman, K., and Haapasalo, H. (2009), "Elements of strategic management of technology: a conceptual framework of enterprise practice", International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 7 (3), pp. 319-337.
105. Sakarya, A., Bodur, M., Yildirim-Öktem, Ö., and Selekler-Göksen, N. (2012), "Social alliances: Business and social enterprise collaboration for social transformation", Journal of Business Research, 65 (12), pp. 1710-1720.
106. Samaddar, S., and Kadiyala, S. S. (2006), "An analysis of interorganizational resource sharing decisions in collaborative knowledge creation", European Journal of Operational Research, 170 (1), pp. 192-210.
107. Schoenherr, T., Power, D., Narasimhan, R., and Samson, D. (2012), "Competitive capabilities among manufacturing plants in developing, emerging, and industrialized countries: A comparative analysis", Decision Sciences, 43 (1), pp. 37-72.
108. Schuh, G. (2006), "Sm@rt logistics: Intelligent networked systems", CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 55 (1), pp. 505-508.
109. Schuh, R. G., and Leviton, L. C. (2006), "A framework to assess the development and capacity of non-profit agencies", Evaluation and Program Planning, 29 (2), pp. 171-179.
110. Sebestova, J., Rylkova, Z., and Smysl, M. (2007), "How to gain success in SME? A case study of a region in the Czech Republic", South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 2 (1), pp. 41-47.
111. Sheehan, N. T., and Foss, N. J. (2007), "Enhancing the prescriptiveness of the resource-based view through Porterian activity analysis", Management Decision, 45 (3), pp. 450-461.
112. Sinha, D. K., and Cusumano, M. A. (1991), "Complementary resources and cooperative research: A model of research joint ventures among competitors", Management Science, 37 (9), pp. 1091-1106.
113. Sirmon, D. G., Gove, S., and Hitt, M. A. (2008), "Resource management in dyadic competitive rivalry: the effects of resource bundling and deployment", Academy of Management Journal, 51 (5), pp. 919-935.
114. Slater, S. F., Hult, G. T. M., and Olson, E. M. (2010), "Factors influencing the relative importance of marketing strategy creativity and marketing strategy implementation effectiveness", Industrial Marketing Management, 39 (4), pp. 551-559.
115. Slater, S. F., Olson, E. M., and Hult, G. T. M. (2006), "The moderating influence of strategic orientation on the strategy formation capability-performance relationship", Strategic Management Journal, 27 (12), pp. 1221-1231.
116. Snow, C. C., and Hambrick, L. G. (1980), "Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance", Administrative Science Quarterly, 25 (2), pp. 317-336.
117. Song, M., Di Benedetto, C. A., and Nason, W. (2007), "Capabilities and financial performance: The moderating effect of strategic type", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35 (1), pp. 18-34.
118. Srikanth, K., and Puranam, P. (2010), "Integrating distributed work: Comparing task design, communication, and tacit coordination mechanisms", Strategic Management Journal, 32 (8), pp. 849-875.
119. Srivastava, P., and Frankwick, G. L. (2011), "Environment, management attitude, and organizational learning in alliances", Management Decision, 49 (1), pp. 156-166.
120. Stock, G. N., McFadden, K. L., and Gowen, I. C. R. (2007), "Organizational culture, critical success factors, and the reduction of hospital errors", International Journal of Production Economics, 106 (2), pp. 368-392.
121. Sullivan, P. H. (2000), Value-Driven Intellectual Capital: How to Convert Intangible Corporate Assets into Market Value, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
122. Suraratdechaa, C., and Okunade, A. A. (2006), "Measuring operational efficiency in a health care system: A case study from Thailand", Health Policy, 77 (1), pp. 2-23.
123. Tang, C. S. (2010), "A review of marketing–operations interface models: From co-existence to coordination and collaboration", International Journal of Production Economics, 125 (1), pp. 22-40.
124. Tang, Y., and Liou, F. (2010), "Does firm performance reveal its own causes? The role of Bayesian inference", Strategic Management Journal, 31 (1), pp. 39-57.
125. Terziovski, M. (2010), "Innovation practice and its performance implications in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector: A resource-based view", Strategic Management Journal, 31 (8), pp. 892-902.
126. Thie, P. R., and Keough, G. E. (2008), An Introduction to Linear Programming and Game Theory, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
127. Tsai, W. (2001), "Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance", The Academy of Management Journal, 44 (5), pp. 996-1004.
128. van Birgelen, M., de Ruyter, K., de Jong, A., and Wetzels, M. (2002), "Customer evaluations of after-sales service contact modes: an empirical analysis of national culture's consequences", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19 (1), pp. 43-64.
129. Vorhies, D. W., Morgan, R. E., and Autry, C. W. (2009), "Product-market strategy and the marketing capabilities of the firm: Impact on market effectiveness and cash flow performance", Strategic Management Journal, 30 (12), pp. 1310-1334.
130. Wang, Y., and Lee, H. (2007), "Generalizing TOPSIS for fuzzy multiple-criteria group decision-making", Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 53 (11), pp. 1762-1772.
131. Wernerfelt, B. (1984), "A resource based view of the firm", Strategic Management Journal, 5 (2), pp. 171-180.
132. Wu, B. G. S., Linderoth, J. T., and Moore, J. E. (2010), "R&D project portfolio analysis for the semiconductor industry", Operations Research, 58 (6), pp. 1548-1563.
133. Zhang, Y., Lil, H., Hitt, M. A., and Cui, G. (2007), "R&D intensity and international joint venture performance in an emerging market: moderating effects of market focus and ownership structure", Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (6), pp. 944-960.