本文為應用一數值模式，模擬瞭解洩油於近岸海域時，油污可能的擴散情形。數值模式的原理依據洩油在海水中的傳輸與擴散作用。傳輸作用主要以質量守恆及動量守恆方程式來建立水動力的潮流模式，擴散作用則以質量守恆方程式代入相關的擴散係數為理論基礎。另為更易瞭解近岸海域油污染擴散變化情形，故數值計算分析方面，利用有限元素法於處理不規則邊界時，可將格網間距做適度調整的優點來做計算分析。本數值模式經模擬計算結果，經與相關潮位站實測記錄相互比對驗證後，即進行多個假設之洩油模擬，探討擴散變化情形。雖油洩入水中時包含擴散、溶解、蒸發、乳化、自身氧化等各種情形，惟本文之擴散模擬僅以擴散效應及傳輸為主要考量，經由探討結果瞭解油洩漏至海中後，雖有其內應力、表面張力、黏滯力等作用，惟終究仍將受潮流及近岸流之影響而跟隨其帶動變化。

　　A numerical model was developed to simulate oil spreading of coastal waters by Kaohsiung area. The theory of the numerical model is based on the dynamic transport and spreading in the ocean. The transport is based on conservation of mass and momentum to set up the numerical model of the tidal current, while the spreading is by means of diffusion coefficient in the momentum equation.
　　The numerical result is able to understand the changes of oil spreading of pollution of the nearshore coast. Finite Element Method is applied area in the numerical model which has a higher resolution along the irregular boundaries. Model performance is fairly verified and examined by measured data. Several typical examples of oil spreading are simulated and the results are discussed.
　　Although the conditions of the pollution included spreading, melting, evaporation emulsification and oxidation, but the point of the present result is to understand changes of the pollution earlier. Therefore, we only concern the effects of the spreading and expressing. The effects of inner stress, surface tension and viscous stress on the oil spreading are influenced by the tidal current.

1. Dronker, J., “Tidal Computations of Rivers, Coastal Areas and Seas” J. of Hydraulics Div., ASCE, Vol 95, No HYI, Jan. pp.29-77, (1969)

2. Fay, J.A.. “The Spread of Oil Slicks on a Calm Sea” in Oil on the Sea (D. Hoult ed.) N., Plenum Press, (1969)

3. Fay, J.A. “Physical Processes in the Spread of Oil on a Water Surface,” proceedings of the Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spill, American Petroleum Institute, (1971).

4. Hansen, W., “Hydrodynamics method Applied to oceangraphic Problems”, Proceedings of the Symposium on Mathematical Hydrodynamical Methods of Physical oceangraph, institute fur Meereskunde der Universitat Hamberg, Hamberg, West Germany, pp.25-34 , (1962).

5. Kawahara, M., S. Nakazawa, S. Ohmori and T. Tagaki, “Two-Step Explicit Finite Element Method for Storm Surge Propagation Analysis,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 1129-1148 (1980).

6. Kawahara, M., H. Hirano, K. Tsubota and K. Inagaki, “Selective Lumping Finite Element Method for Shallow Water Flow,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 89-112 (1982).

7. Leenderste, J.J.”Aspects of a Computational Model for Long Period Water Wave Propagation”, RM 5294-PR, ‘The Rand Corporation’, Santa Monica, Calif.,May, (1967)

8. Leendertse, J.J., R.C. Alexander, and S.K.Liu,”A Three-Dimensional Model for Estuaries and Coastal Seas, Vol.I, Principles of Computation”, R-1417-0WWR, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, pp.1-21 (1973).

9. Li,H.W.(1987),”A Numerical Predictive Model of Tides in the seas Adjacent to Taiwan”. Proc. the National Science Council, Part A：Physical Science and Eng., Taipei, Taiwan.

10. Matsumoto, K.,T.Takanezawa, and M. Ooe ”Ocean Tide Model Developed by Assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimetry Data into Hydrodynamical Model: A Global and a Regional Model around Japan,” Journal of Oceanography, Vol.56,pp567-581 (2000)

11. Schwartzberg, H.G., “The Movement of Oil Spills,” Proceeding, Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills, API. PP.489-494 (1971)

12. Stolzenbach, K.D., Madsen O.S., Adams, E.E., Pollack, A.M., and Cooper, C.K.,”A Review and Evaluation of Basic Techniqurs for Predicting the Behavior of Surface Oil Slicks “ Report No.22 Department of Civil Slichs,” Report No.22 Department of Civil Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. (1977)

13. Shen, H.T., Yapa,P.D., Petroski, M.E. ”Simulation of Oil Slick Transport in Great Lake Connecting Channels – Theory and Model Formulation, ” CRREL Report90-1 (1990)

14. Tsahalis, D.T., “Theoretical and Experimental Study of Wind and Wave-induced Drift,” Journal of Physical Oceanography, V.9, pp.1243-1257 (1979).

15. Wang, J.D. and Conner, J.J.,” Mathematical Modelling of near Coastal Circulation, ” Report No.200, Ralph M. Parsons Lab. For Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, Dept. of Civil Engineering, MIT, USA , (1975).

16. 劉肖孔「中國海域三度空間數值模式」，行政院科技顧問組 (1983)。

17. 李兆芳、郭仲仁「三維流場有限元素多層深度積分模式」11屆海洋工程研討會 (1989)。

18. 李賢文「台灣鄰近海域潮汐預報數值模式」.第二屆海洋數值模式研討會論文集,台灣省政府交通處港灣技術研究所 (1989)。

19. 莊甲子、陸志勵「有限元素法在海域污染物擴散模擬之應用研究」，港灣技術第六期,p41-p57, (民國80年4月)。

20. 財團法人中興工程顧問社龔誠山、陳宜清、蘇國旭、鄧耀里「近岸海域溢油污染之漂移擴散研究」,p5-27-p6-1, (民國85年11月)。

21. 台灣省政府交通處港灣技術研究所「高雄港港池水理模式研究」之高雄港港區水理數值模擬研究,p3-1-p3-7。(民國86年6月)

22. 陳筱華、柯允沛、張恆文、顏厥正「嘉南海域污染擴散計算與污染物去除分析」 (民國87年)。

23. 許泰文、廖建明、李兆鑫「以有限元素法推算台灣東北海岸之暴潮偏差」，中國土木水利工程學刊，第十一卷，第四期，849頁－857頁 (1999)。

24. 莊文傑、蔡丁貴、江中權「潮流數值模擬邊界條件之設定」2001海洋數值模式研討會 (民國90年)。

25. 蕭葆義、陳大中、柯允沛、蔡榮森「海域溢油污染擴散之數值模擬」。 (民國91年4月海下技術季刊)。