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研究生：	郭偉丞 Kuo, Wei-Cheng
論文名稱：	拆壩後河相演變及輸砂模式適用性之研究 Geomorphic Responses and Applicability of Sediment Transport Models due to Dam Removal
指導教授：	王筱雯 Wang, Hsiao-Wen
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系 Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	101
中文關鍵詞：	河道演變、潰壩、拆壩、侵蝕量、河床質、輸砂模式
外文關鍵詞：	Channel evolution, dam failure, dam removal, eroded amount, sediment texture, sediment transport model
相關次數：	點閱：168 下載：14
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時至今日，老舊壩體拆除的問題逐漸受到重視，然而拆壩後河道演變，特別是在強季節水文條件、大流量、高產砂、中等至陡坡河道環境下的相關研究仍十分稀少。本研究根據現場調查資料，研究七家灣溪壩拆壩後的河道反應，並評估NETSTARS模式在巴陵壩潰壩案例以及SRH-1D與SRH-2D 模式在七家灣溪拆壩案例的適用性。
七家灣溪壩拆壩後，溯源侵蝕以拋物面的形式遷移(速度達22公尺/日)，並且發現河道變化速度與特性主要與河道地形、與壩之距離及水文變異有關。巴陵壩潰壩後河道演變模擬，結果顯示NETSTARS模式在活動層厚度與輸砂公式的選擇上較流管數更為敏感，建議模式未來可加入活動層厚度可隨時間改變。根據七家灣溪拆壩模擬結果，SRH-1D與SRH-2D模擬最小的均方根誤差值分別為0.87公尺與1.18公尺。然而，SRH-1D無法模擬發生在壩上游48公尺處斷面近17公尺的側向侵蝕情形，SRH-2D則在使用河岸破壞模組下能夠模擬側向侵蝕，但在側向侵蝕量上仍有低估情形。儘管一維(SRH-1D)、擬似二維(NETSTARS)或二維(SRH-2D)模式在模擬拆/潰壩後河床高程演變表現良好，但側向演變與現地仍有差距，這些發現強調了現場調查的重要性。

The removal of old dams is increasingly being considered; however, little progress has been made with regard to the modeling of geomorphic responses following the removal of such dams. This issue is particularly important in areas with strongly seasonal hydrology, high flow rates and sediment yields, and moderate to steep gradients. In this study, we sought to identify geomorphic responses in mountain channels following the removal of dams and understand the applicability of sediment transport models. Based on data obtained in the field, we investigated geomorphic responses following the removal of Chijiawan Check Dam and evaluated the applicability of NETSTARS (quasi-2D) in the case of the Barlin Dam as well as the SRH-1D & SRH-2D models in the case of the Chijiawan Dam.
Following the removal of the Chijiawan Dam, we observed a rotating knickpoint with migration rates of up to 22 m/day along the reach. Following dam removal, changes in the channel of a mountain river appear to be driven as much by the timing of dam removal as by the morphology of the channel, the distance from the dam, and the degree of variability in the hydrology. Modeling of the failure of the Barlin Dam indicates that the model is more sensitive to active layer thickness and sediment transport function than to the number of stream tubes, and development of dam removal models are likely to benefit from varying the active layer thickness in time, In modeling the removal of the Chijiawan Dam, the lowest root mean square error values from the results of SRH-1D and SRH-2D modeling during low stream power events were 0.87 m and 1.18 m, respectively. SRH-1D failed to simulate any of the 17 m of lateral erosion that actually occurred 48 m upstream of the dam. SRH-2D in conjunction with a bank erosion model predicted lateral erosion; however, it underestimated the amount of erosion that occurred. Based on the results of this study, although 1D, quasi-2D, and 2D models simulate good fits for the observed changes in bed elevation, the models cannot accurately simulate the local feature. These findings underline the importance of field surveys.

摘要	I
Abstract	II
誌謝	III
Table of contents	IV
List of Tables	VII
List of Figures	VIII
Introduction	1
1	Overview of this dissertation	2
Simulating bed evolution following the Barlin Dam (Taiwan) failure with implications for sediment dynamics modeling of dam removal	6
Abstract	6
1	Introduction	6
1.1	Context and study area	8
2	Methodology	11
2.1	Observed erosion and deposition	11
2.2	Modeled bed elevation changes	11
2.2.1	Overview of modelling computations (NETSTARS)	11
2.2.2	Initial and boundary conditions and modeling parameters	12
2.2.3	Model calibration and evaluation	15
2.2.4	Sensitivity analysis	15
3	Results	16
3.1	Observed channel changes	16
3.2	Modeled channel changes	19
3.2.1	Model fit to thalweg profile across space and time	19
3.2.2	Model fit at cross-sections with varying streamtubes	22
3.2.3	Model sensitivity	26
3.3	Practical implications of model error	28
4	Discussions	29
4.1	Sensitivity to active layer thickness and sediment transport functions	29
4.2	Effects of increasing model discretization	30
5	Conclusions	33
Geomorphic responses to a large check-dam removal on a mountain river in Taiwan	34
Abstract	34
1	Introduction	35
2	Study area and methods	37
2.1	Study area	37
2.2	Hydrology	42
2.3	Topography survey	42
2.4	Sediment samples	42
3	Results	43
3.1	Hydrology	43
3.2	Channel changes	45
3.3	Volumes of upstream evacuation	50
3.4	Changes in river bed sediment texture	51
4	Discussions	52
4.1	Patterns and rates of reservoir erosion	52
4.2	Volumes of reservoir erosion	54
4.3	Channel evolution	55
5	Conclusions	57
Applicability of Sediment Transport Models due to Dam Removal in a Mountain Channel	58
Abstract	58
1	Introduction	58
2	Methods	59
2.1	Numerical models	59
2.2	Data collection and model setup	60
2.3	Initial and boundary conditions	64
2.4	Sediment transport functions	66
3	Results	67
3.1	Hydraulic analysis	67
3.2	Model fit to thalweg profile across space and time	67
3.3	Model fit at cross-sections	70
3.4	Sediment influx	72
3.5	Simulated changes in bed material size distribution	73
4	Discussions	75
5	Conclusions	77
Importance of Field Data for Numerical Modeling to Dam Removal on a Mountain Channel	78
Abstract	78
1	Introduction	79
2	Methods	79
2.1	Numerical model and setup	79
2.2	Scenario design	79
3	Results and Discussions	82
4	Conclusions	87
Conclusions and Recommendations	88
1	Geomorphic responses of the mountain channel following dam failure and dam removal	88
2	Applicability of sediment transport models on dam removal/dam failure	89
3	Recommendations for future work	90
Reference	91
                                    

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