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研究生： 龍穎儀
Long, Weng-I
論文名稱： 從社區培力的觀點探討青年返鄉之路：以臺南市後壁為例
Exploring the Returning Paths of Youth Talents from a Community Empowerment Perspective: A Case Study of Houbi, Tainan City
指導教授： 仲曉玲
Chung, Hsiao-Ling
楊佳翰
Yang, Chia-Han
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 110
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 181
中文關鍵詞： 社區培力 、農村發展與規劃 、返鄉青年 、勞動力/人才管理 、永續城鄉
外文關鍵詞： Community Empowerment, Returning Youth, Workforce Management, Talent Mobility, Sustainable Community
相關次數： 點閱：248  下載：60 
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    • 臺灣將在2025年進入超高齡社會，其中農村社區更是首當其衝。隨著政府意識到問題的嚴重性，近年來一直積極推動各種社區培力政策和計畫，人們對「農村再生」、「社區營造」和「地方創生」等相關議題的關注也越來越大。然而，隨著城鄉差距不斷擴大，吸引年輕勞動力、改變人口結構才是最根本的解決方法；因此「返鄉青年」早已成為重要的研究議題。本研究以社區培力理論為基礎，現有的大多數研究都是從整個社區的角度進行，卻缺乏對從個人參與到集體參與的階段性變化的瞭解；這意味着對於這些從外部環境回來參與社區培力發展，並成為其主要推動力的返鄉青年群體來說，存在研究空白。

    研究方法採用李克特量表問巻調查、個案研究和定性分析法來探討青年的「返鄉之路」。總的來說，本研究旨在瞭解青年返鄉的動機、阻礙，以及探討其在社區中所扮演的角色。研究中以不同的動機驅動定義出四個類型的「返鄉青年」，結果表明 (1) 提高「社區參與」能夠激勵青年的返鄉動機，並促成不同類型間的轉換和遞進關係； (2) 儘管「返鄉青年」群體對於促進社區培力發展有著積極的影響，但同時也受到社區內外部的不穩定因素所困擾，故「社區意識」及「社區能力」是留住他們的關鍵；(3) 社區仍需要更系統化的人才招攬機制，才能有效地吸引合適的青力回流。綜上所述，本研究有助了解「返鄉青年」群體，從而完備青年返鄉指南以及未來發展藍圖，進一步研擬農村吸引並留住人才返鄉發展的管理策略方針，對農村社區培力的未來規劃具有建設性意義。

    Taiwan will be a super-aged society by 2025, with rural communities bearing the brunt of the crisis. As the urban-rural gap widens, youth workforce mobility has emerged as an urgent and critical issue. This study is based on the concept of community empowerment. The majority of existing studies lack an understanding of the transition from individual to collective engagement. As they were carried out from the perspective of the entire community. This implies a research gap in understanding how young people who have returned from the outside world might become the community's main driving force.

    This research adopted a Likert scale questionnaire, case study, and qualitative approach to explore "the returning path" for youths. Its main objective is to understand the motivations, barriers, and roles of young people returning to rural communities. In conclusion, this study will lead to the guidelines to attract and maintain that young power, which will be beneficial in the practical talent management of future rural community development.

    The study identified four motivation-driven types of ‘returning youths.’ The finding suggests that (1) Increasing ‘community engagement’ can stimulate the motivation of youths to grow with the community. It can also facilitate the progressive relationship between different types of them; (2) Although the ‘returning youth’ group has a positive influence on community empowerment, they are also plagued by internal and external community uncertainties. Their retention depends on their ‘community consciousness’ and ‘community capacity.’ (3) To effectively attract the right people, community needs a more systematic recruiting procedure.

    Table of Content Abstract II 中文摘要 III Table of Content IV List of Tables VII List of Figures VIII Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.1.1 Urbanization, Demographic Trends and Rural Exodus 2 1.1.2 Sustainable Community Empowerment with Talent Flows 6 1.2 Research Motivation 9 1.3 Research Objectives and Questions 11 1.4 Key Terminology and Concepts 12 Chapter 2: Literature Review 13 2.1 Shaping, Making and Managing a Sustainable Community 13 2.1.1 Definition of a ‘Community’ and ‘Community Development’ 13 2.1.2 Relations of Community Empowerment and Sustainability 14 2.1.3 Opportunities and Challenges: Sustainable Community-based Tourism 17 2.2 Community Empowerment: From Individual to Collective 20 2.2.1 The Concept of Community Empowerment 20 2.2.2 Importance and Barriers of Community Empowerment 24 2.2.3 Community Empowerment Policies in Taiwan 25 2.3 Impact of the Returning Youth Workforce 27 2.3.1 ‘Brain Gain’ in Rural Areas 28 2.3.2 Career Pathways and Movements of the Youth 30 2.3.3 The Rising Momentum of Youth Power 31 2.4 Case Introduction: Houbi, Tainan 34 2.4.1 Typical Rural Community Background 35 2.4.2 Tourism is both Relief and Poison: Opportunity and Challenges 38 2.4.3 The Blossoming of Youth Power in Houbi 42 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methods 47 3.1 Research Framework 47 3.2 Research Methodology 48 3.2.1 Questionnaire Survey 48 3.2.2 Case Study 50 3.2.3 Semi-structured, in-depth interview 50 3.3 Data Collection and Analysis 51 3.3.1 Data Collection 51 3.3.2 Questionnaire Design: Community Engagement, Consciousness and Capacity 53 3.3.3 Criteria for Case Selection 54 3.3.4 Data Analysis 56 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings 58 4.1 The Exploration of Current Regional Development in Taiwan 58 4.1.1 The Profile of Participants in Regional Planning 58 4.1.2 Engagement and Consciousness: Stability vs Flexibility in Career Pathways 65 4.1.3 Workforce Attraction and Retention Factors of a Community 70 4.2 The Road of Returning Youths in Houbi 74 4.2.1 The Journey Starts from the Unknown: Motivation and Resistances 78 4.2.2 Ongoing Process: Expansion the Youth Power 86 4.2.3 Enhancement and Future Implementation 89 4.3 Returning Youth Power Within Community Empowerment 90 4.3.1 Community Engagement: Motivation-driven and Roles of the Youth 91 4.3.2 Community Consciousness: Communication, Inclusion and Cooperation 98 4.3.3 Capacity Enhancement and Effectiveness with Youth Power 100 Chapter 5: Discussion 106 5.1 Rural Community Empowerment with Youth Power 106 5.2 Roles of the Returning Youths in Rural Development 110 5.3 Guidelines for Sustainable Talents Flow at the Community Level 117 Chapter 6: Conclusion 121 6.1 Conclusion and Implementation 121 6.2 Research Limitations 127 6.3 Suggestions for Future Research 128 Reference 130 Appendix I. Questionnaire 137 Appendix II. Interview Outline 146 Appendix III. SPSS Analysis 147 Appendix IV. Oral Examination Slides 165

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