簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 李易宸
Lee, I-Cheng
論文名稱: 控制氮化鎵奈米柱密度之成長
The Growth of GaN Nanorods with a Controlled Density
指導教授: 洪昭南
Hong, Chau-Nan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 83
中文關鍵詞: 氮化鎵PECVD密度控制
外文關鍵詞: GaN nanorods, PEVCD, density control
相關次數: 點閱:38下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究利用自製PECVD(plasma enchanced chemical vapor deposition)系統成長氮化鎵奈米柱晶體(GaN nanorods)。本研究發現,在矽基板與溫度Ga source溫度分別設定為900-950 ℃及950-1000℃下,均可成長出高品質、高密度且垂直之GaN奈米柱。但由於此參數所得到之GaN奈米柱密度過高,亦造成晶體融合生長現象而影響晶體品質,不利於後續元件之製作,因此,本研究開發出三種不同的製程方法以降低成長密度,能有效地降低氮化鎵奈米柱之密度1/2至1/3。

    In this study, vertical GaN nanorods are grown on the Si substrate by self-designed PECVD system with substrate temperature around 900 to 950℃ and Ga source temperature around 950 to 1000℃ respectively. PL, XRD and EDS analysis suggest that the crystal quality are excellent and the growth orientation is along [0001]. Also, this study provides three approaches to decrease the density of GaN nanorods. The density of as-grown GaN nanorods could be deducted to half of that grown by conventional methods.

    摘要 I Abstract II 致謝 III 目錄 IV 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2 研究動機 7 第二章 基礎理論 10 2.1 氮化鎵GaN 10 2.2 GaN應用 13 2.3 GaN磊晶成長技術回顧 17 2.3.1氣相磊晶法Vapor Phase Epitaxy[16] 17 2.3.1.1有機金屬化學氣相沉積法MOCVD 18 2.3.1.2鹵化物氣相磊晶法HVPE 19 2.3.1.3 電漿輔助化學氣相沉積法PECVD 21 2.3.2液相磊晶法Liquid Phase epitaxy 24 2.3.3. 分子束磊晶MBE 25 2.4 Nanorods LEDs 28 2.5 GaN奈米線/柱成長機制 30 2.4.1 VLS 30 2.4.2 Self-assemble 31 第三章 實驗步驟與方法 35 3.1實驗流程 35 3.2 實驗設備 36 3.2.1電漿輔助化學氣相沉積系統 36 3.2.2 三段加熱區間高溫爐 36 3.2.3電漿電源供應器 36 3.2.4 壓力計 37 3.2.5 氣體質量控制 37 3.2.6 真空幫浦 37 3.3實驗材料 38 3.3.1 基板 38 3.3.2 氣體 38 3.3.3 藥品 38 3.3.4 氧化鋁 38 3.4分析儀器 39 3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 SEM 39 3.4.2 穿透式電子顯微鏡 TEM 39 3.4.3 光激發螢光光譜儀 PL 42 3.4.4 X-ray繞射圖譜 43 3.5實驗步驟 45 第四章 結果與討論 47 4.1 氮化鎵奈米柱成長 47 4.2氮化鎵奈米柱之成長行為與機制探討 54 4.3 氮化鎵奈米柱晶體品質改善 59 4.4 氮化鎵奈米柱密度控制 65 4.4.1熱分解降低密度法 65 4.4.2 Pulse mode growth 68 4.4.3. 兩階段成長法 73 第五章 結論 77 5.1 總結 77 5.2未來建議 79 參考文獻 80

    [1] Shūji Nakamura, Gerhard Fasol, The blue laser diode: GaN based light emitters and lasers, Springer, Germany, p3,1997
    [2] Otfried Madelung, Semiconductors: data handbook 3rd, Springer, germany, 2003
    [3] Shuji Nakamura, Takashi Mukai, Masayuki Senoh, Candelaclass highbrightness InGaN/AlGaN doubleheterostructure bluelight emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687 (1994)
    [4] Shuji Nakamura, Takashi Mukai, InGaN-based Multi-Quantum-Well Structure Laser Diodes, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35,pp. L74-L76 (1996)
    [5] Stratergies Unlimited, The Worldwide Market for LEDs Market Review and Forecast 2012, http://www.strategies-u.com/articles/2012/06/the-worldwide-market-for-leds-market-review-and-forecast-2012.html
    [6] US. Department of energy, New lighting Standard, http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/new-lighting-standards-begin-2012
    [7] Wikipedia, Incandescent light bulb, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb
    [8] LED Light Bulbs: Comparison Charts, http://eartheasy.com/live_led_bulbs_comparison.html
    [9] Wikipedia, Gallium nitride, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_nitride
    [10] Hongwei Li, NOVEL PROCESSES FOR LARGE AREA GALLIUM NITRIDE SINGLE CRYSTAL AND NANOWIRE GROWTH, December 2005
    [11] H. Amano, N. Sawaki, I. Akasaki, and Y. Toyoda, Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth of a high quality GaN film using an AlN buffer layer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 353 (1986)
    [12] Hiroshi Amano, Masahiro Kito, Kazumasa Hiramatsu and Isamu Akasaki, P-Type Conduction in Mg-Doped GaN Treated with Low-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation (LEEBI), Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (1989) pp. L2112-L2114.
    [13] Shuji Nakamura, Takashi Mukai, Masayuki Senoh and Naruhito Iwasa, Thermal Annealing Effects on P-Type Mg-Doped GaN Films, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1992) pp. L139-L142
    [14] Yukio Narukawa, Masatsugu Ichikawa, Daisuke Sanga, Masahiko Sano and Takashi Mukai, White light emitting diodes with super-high luminous efficacy, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 (2010) 354002 (6pp)
    [15] U.S. Department of Energy, Solid-State Lighting Research and Development: Multi Year Program Plan, March 2011
    [16] Wikipedia, 化學氣相沉積, http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/化学气相沉积
    [17] Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Yasuo Koide, Kazumasa Hiramatsu, Nobuhiko Sawaki, Effects of ain buffer layer on crystallographic structure and on electrical and optical properties of GaN and Ga1−xAlxN (0 < x ≦ 0.4) films grown on sapphire substrate by MOVPE, Journal of Crystal Growth, 98, November 1989, Pages 209-219
    [18] Krukowski, S. Phys. Chem. Solids, 59, 289.(1998)
    [19] N. Yoshimoto, T. Matsuoka, T. Sasaki, and A. Katsui, Photoluminescence of InGaN films grown at high temperature by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 2251 (1991).
    [20] H. P. Maruska and J. J. Tietjen, THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF VAPORDEPOSITED SINGLECRYSTALLINE GaN, Appl. Phys. Lett. 15, 327 (1969).
    [21] Y. Oshima, T. Eri, M. Shibata, H. Sunakawa, and A. Usui, Fabrication of Freestanding GaN Wafers by Hydride Vapor-Phase Epitaxy with Void-Assisted Separation, phys. stat. sol. (a) ,194, 2, 554–558 (2002)
    [22] Takehiro Yoshida, Yuichi Oshima, Takeshi Eri, Ken Ikeda, Shunsuke Yamamoto, Kazutoshi Watanabe, Masatomo Shibata, Tomoyoshi Mishima, Fabrication of 3-in GaN substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy using void-assisted separation method, Journal of Crystal Growth, 310, 1, Pages 5-7, 2008
    [23] J. KARPINSKI, J. JUN and S. POROWSKI, EQUILIBRIUM PRESSURE OF N2 OVER GaN AND HIGH PRESSURE SOLUTION GROWTH OF GaN, Journal of Crystal Growth, 66 1-10, (1984)
    [24] N. Newman, The energetics of the GaN MBE reaction: a case study of meta-stable growth, Journal of Crystal Growth,178, 102-112(1997)
    [25] J. KARPINSKI and S. POROWSKI, HIGH PRESSURE THERMODYNAMICS OF GaN, Journal of Crystal Growth, 66, 11-20(1984)
    [26] Buguo Wang, Michael J. Callahan, Transport growth of GaN crystals by the ammonothermal technique using various nutrients, Journal of Crystal Growth, 291, 455-460(2006)
    [27] A. Y. CHO and J. R. ARTHUR, MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY, Progress in Solid-State Chemistry, 10, 157-191,1975
    [28] Hiroto Sekiguchi, Katsumi Kishino, and Akihiko Kikuchi1, Emission color control from blue to red with nanocolumn diameter of InGaN/GaN nanocolumn arrays grown on same substrate, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 231104 (2010)
    [29] Shunfeng Li and Andreas Waag, GaN based nanorods for solid state lighting, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 111, 071101 (2012)
    [30] R. S. Wagner and W. C. Ellis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 4, 89 (1964)
    [31] G. Seryogin, I. Shalish, W. Moberlychan, and V. Narayanamurti, Nano-technology 16, 2342 (2005)
    [32] M.A. Sanchez-Garcia, E. Calleja, E. Monroy, F.J. Sanchez, F. Calle, E. Munoz, R. Beresford, The effect of the III/V ratio and substrate temperature on the morphology and properties of GaN- and AIN-layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111), Journal of Crystal Growth, 183, 23-30(1998)
    [33] V. Consonni, * M. Hanke, M. Knelangen, L. Geelhaar, A. Trampert, and H. Riechert, Nucleation mechanisms of self-induced GaN nanowires grown on an amorphous interlayer, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 83, 035310 (2011)
    [34] J. Elsner, M. Haugk, G. Jungnickel, Th. Frauenheim, Solid State Commun. 106, 739(1998).
    [35] K. Rapcewicz, M. Buongiorno Nardelli, J. Bernholc, Phys. Rev. B 56,R12 725,(1997)
    [36] Chow, T.P, Ghezzo. SiC power devices. in III-Nitride, SiC, and Diamond Materials for Electronic Devices. Eds. Gaskill D.K, Brandt C.D. and Nemanich R.J., Material Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Pittsburgh, PA. 423 (1996), 69-73.
    [37] Michael A. Reshchikov and Hadis Morkoc, Luminescence properties of defects in GaN, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 97, 061301( 2005)
    [38] Toma Stoica, Eli Sutter, Ralph J. Meijers, Ratan K. Debnath, Raffaella Calarco, Hans Luth, and Detlev Grutzmacher, Interface and Wetting Layer Effect on the Catalyst-Free Nucleation and Growth of GaN Nanowires, small, 4, No. 6, 751-754(2008)
    [39] C. Cheze, L. Geelhaar, A. Trampert, and H. Riechert, In situ investigation of self-induced GaN nanowire nucleation on Si, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 043101 (2010)
    [40] Florian Furtmayr, Martin Vielemeyer, Martin Stutzmann, Jordi Arbiol, Sònia Estradé, Nucleation and growth of GaN nanorods on Si (111) surfaces by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy - The influence of Si- and Mg-doping, J. Appl. Phys. 104, 034309 (2008)
    [41] L. Cerutti, J. Ristić, S. Fernández-Garrido, E. Calleja, A. Trampert, Wurtzite GaN nanocolumns grown on Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 213114 (2006)
    [42] Y. Morimoto, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 1383.
    [43] M. Furado, G. Jacob, J. Crystal Growth 64 (1983) 257.
    [44] Santino D. Carnevale, Jing Yang, Patrick J. Phillips, Michael J. Mills, and Roberto C. Myers, Three-Dimensional GaN/AlN Nanowire Heterostructures by Separating Nucleation and Growth Processes, Nano Lett., 11, 866- 871 (2011)
    [45] Rafael Mata, Karine Hestroffer, Jorge Budagosky, Ana Cros, Catherine Bougerol, Hubert Renevier, Bruno Daudin, Nucleation of GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy: The effect of temperature, J CRYST GROWTH , vol. 334, no. 1, pp. 177-180, 2011
    [46] 蔡文益,氮化鎵奈米晶體之成長及應用,2012
    [47] Wikipedia, TEM, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy

    無法下載圖示 校內:2023-01-01公開
    校外:不公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開,紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE