近年來電子產品朝向輕薄短小的特色發展。然而，電感的運用在電
源供應器的設計上，卻是無法將電路積體電路化的阻力之一。本文
提出在電能轉換器積體電路化的設計中，運用通用阻抗轉換器(Generalized Impedance Converter，GIC)來取代電感器，進一步
的縮小電路所佔的面積。藉由理論分析、模擬與實際量測，來證明
所提出的電路架構，也具有傳統電壓調節器相同的效能。在GIC電能
轉換器、傳統電能轉換器及晶片化電能轉換器的三個電路架構中，
本論文也針對各自的效能做深入的調查。

In recent years, the characteristic of the electronic product is developed in low profile orientation. However, the sizable inductor device obstructes the packaging of the power converter modules within an electronic product. This thesis proposes the replacement of inductor device by Generalized Impedance Converter (GIC) so that the circuit layout could be further reduced in the integrated circuit design. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and field tests were conducted to verify the performance of the voltage regulation for the proposed circuit. A detailed survey was also conducted to compare the performance of the GIC converter with the traditional and power IC based buck converters.

[1] Shekhar Borkar, “Low power design challenges for the decade,” Design Automation Conference,2001.Proceedings of the ASP-DAC 2001. Asia and South Pacific30 Jan.-2 Feb. 2001 Page(s):293 - 296

[2] 嚴萬璋，國際能源效率標章與標準推動措施，工研院能資所，2001。
[3] 賴明伸，各國能源標章與標準法規與推動措施簡介，工研院能資所，2004。
[4] 賴明伸，各國能源標章-標準之實施作業與措施，工研院能資所，2004。
[5] 賴明伸，各國能源使用產品節能技術之實施現況與發展趨勢，工研院能資所，2004。
[6] 資料來源：http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html

[7] 資料來源：http://www.80plus.org/index.htm

[8] 資料來源：http://www.efficient-appliances.org/

[9] 資料來源：http://www.energystar.gov/

[10] Shao Bin, Yang Yujia, Wang Ying, Hong Zhiliang, “High efficiency, inductorless step-down DC/DC converter,” ASIC, 2005. ASICON 2005. 6th International Conference On,Volume 1, 24-27 Oct. 2005 Page(s):395 - 398
[11] Jaeseo Lee, Geoff Hatcher, Lieven Vandenbergh, Chih-Kong Ken Yang, “Evaluation of fully-integrated switching regulators for CMOS process technologies,” System-on-Chip, 2003. Proceedings. International Symposium on, 19-21 Nov. 2003 Page(s):155 - 158

[12] A. Leuciuc, “Realisation of immittance functions with complex singularities by means of modified Antoniou GIC,” Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 10, 11 May 1995 Page(s):770 - 771
[13] Jian Liu, Zhiming Chen, Zhong Du, “Switched capacitor DC-DC converters enable electronic products to become more compact,” Semiconductor Electronics, 1996. ICSE '96. Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference on 26-28 Nov. 1996 Page(s):234 - 237

[14] 潘添福，阻抗轉換器應用於DC-DC功率轉換器回授補償電路之研究，國立臺灣大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國九十四年。
[15] 劉泰平，交換式電源供應器技術，大行出版社，1985年10月。
[16] 簡章華，轉換式電源供給器設計技術，全華科技，1986年6月。
[17] 梁適安，交換式電源供給器之理論與實務設計，全華科技，1994年8月。
[18] 胥文宗，以TL494為架構降壓式電源轉換器之非線性分析，國立交通大學電機資料學院電機與控制學程碩士論文，中華民國九十五年。
[19] 林瑞禮，電力電子學專論講義，中華民國94年。
[20] 林昀，冠昱，電子學(中)，鼎茂出版社，2003年。
[21] 張維綱，微電子學(下)-類比電路篇，鼎茂出版社，2003年。
[22] Power Management Selection Guide, Texas Instruments, 2006.
[23] 陳可岡譯，觀念物理V-電磁學與核物理，天下文化，2001年。
[24] 朱達勇，吳宏達，許俊達譯，普通物理學，歐亞書局，1991年。
[25] 資料來源：http://home.howstuffworks.com/light-bulb.htm

[26] 陳春連譯，交換式電源技術手冊，建興出版社，1997年。
[27] 宋自恆，林慶仁，剖析切換式電源供應器原理及常用元件規格，新電子科技雜誌，第196期，2002年。
[28] 王耀諄，陳明堂，吳坤德譯，電力電子學，全華發行，中華民國八十四年。
[29] 黃威霖，適合低電壓應用端的高效率 CMOS直流轉直流切換式穩壓器，國立成功大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國九十三年。

[30] 廖敏淳，主動箝位順向式轉換器與非對稱半橋轉換器之比較，國立成功大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國九十三年。
[31] 陳秋麟，林振宇，楊大勇，降低切換式電源之待機功率損失，崇貿科技，2003年。
[32] Mark Gildersleeve, Hassan P. Forghani-zadeh, Gabriel A. Rincon-Mora, “A comprehensive power analysis and a highly efficient, mode-hopping DC-DC converter,” ASIC, 2002. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on, 6-8 Aug. 2002 Page(s):153 - 156

[33] Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits – 3rd Edition,” New York McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[34] Pressman Abraham I., “Switching power supply design,” New York McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[35] Brown Marty., “Power supply cookbook,” Boston Mass Newnes, 2001.
[36] Robert W. Erickson, Dragan Maksimovi, “Fundamentals of power electronics,” Norwell Mass Kluwer Academic, 2001.
[37] Volkan Kursun, Siva G. Narendra, Vivek K. De, Eby G. Friedman, “Analysis of buck converters for on-chip integration with a dual supply voltage microprocessor,” Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2003 Page(s):514 – 522

[38] Understanding Buck Power Stages In Switch mode Power Supplies-application report, Texas Instruments, 1999.
[39] Designing with the TL5001 PWM controller- application report, Texas Instruments, 1995.
[40] SLVP101, SLVP102, And SLVP103 Buck Converter Design Using The TL5001, Texas Instruments, 1998.
[41] Yuancheng Ren, Ming Xu, Jinghai Zhou, Fred C. Lee, “Analytical loss model of power MOSFET,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 21, Issue 2, March 2006 Page(s):310 - 319
[42] 張文雄，低電壓大電流多相式降壓型電源轉換器之效率分析與設計，輔仁大學電子工程學系碩士論文，中華民國九十四年。
[43] Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins, “Power electronics -converters, applications, and design,” New York Wiley, 1995.
[44] 王順忠, 陳秋麟譯，電機機械基本原理，麥格羅希爾，2004年。
[45] 陳春連譯，切換式電源設計入門，建興文化事業有限公司，2005年。
[46] Mitsuru Hiraki, Takayasu Ito, Atsushi Fujiwara, Taichi Ohashi, Tetsuro Hamano, and Takaaki Noad, “A 63-μW Standby Power Microcontroller With On-Chip Hybrid Regulator Scheme”, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 37, NO. 5, MAY 2002
[47] Michael D. Mulligan, Bill Broach, Thomas H. Lee, “A constant-frequency method for improving light-load efficiency in synchronous buck converters,” Power Electronics Letters, IEEE, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2005 Page(s):24-29
[48] 鄭培璿，陳秋麟，林宋宜，楊大勇，具省電模式與功率限制PWM 控制器的SPICE 模型，崇貿科技，2003年。
[49] Jinwen Xiao, Angel Peterchev, Jianhui Zhang, Seth Sanders, “A 4μA-quiescent-current dual-mode buck converter IC for cellular phone applications,” Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2004. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC. 2004 IEEE International, 2004 Page(s):280 - 528 Vol.1
[50] Mohamed Darwish, “Next-generation semiconductors for DC-to-DC converters,” Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting, 2003. Proceedings of the, 28-30 Sept. 2003 Page(s):15 - 21

[51] Kwang-Hwa Liu, Fred C. Y. Lee, “Zero-voltage switching technique in DC/DC converters,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Jul 1990 Volume: 5, Issue: 3On page(s): 293-304

[52] Guichao Hua, Fred C. Lee, “Soft-switching techniques in PWM converters, “ Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 42, Issue 6, Dec. 1995 Page(s):595 - 603
[53] Barry Arbetter, Robert Erickson, Dragan Maksimovic, “DC-DC converter design for battery-operated systems,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1995. PESC '95 Record., 26th Annual IEEE, Volume 1, 18-22 June 1995 Page(s):103 - 109 vol.1
[54] 賀業維，符合ATX-12V 對電源供應器待機功率1W 的要求崇貿科技，2003年。
[55] Designing Switching Voltage Regulators With the TL494, Texas Instruments, 1989.
[56] TL494 Datasheet, ON Semiconductor, June 2005.
[57] LM2575 Datasheet, Texas Instruments, July 2005.