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研究生：	湯宏謙 Thong, Hung-Chean
論文名稱：	多風場之降載調頻策略 De-Loaded Frequency Regulating Strategy Applied to the Multiple Wind Parks
指導教授：	張簡樂仁 Chang-Chien, Le-Ren
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	136
中文關鍵詞：	風場調頻、調頻餘裕
外文關鍵詞：	wind frequency regulation, regulation reserve
相關次數：	點閱：42 下載：1
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隨著風能的迅速發展，風場佔比在電力系統中越來越可觀。在高風場佔比的系統中，傳統機組的調頻餘裕會被壓縮，進而導致系統可靠度的下降。
在高風場佔比系統中，風場對系統頻率可靠度有相當程度的責任。風場必須具備調頻機制以提高系統整體的調頻能力。因此本文提出風場之降載調頻策略以因應風能系統可靠度的需求。本文中，降載調頻策略應用於雙饋式風力發電機。降載調頻策略是依據系統頻率的回授訊號將風機的最大功率作降載輸出。
高風場佔比的系統往往是由多風場組成一個大風場，因此風場與風場間的調頻控制協調極其重要。本文最後也將風能與負載的預測誤差納入考量，它會影響到傳統機組調頻餘裕量的規劃。然而通過模擬結果發現，本文提出之應用於多風場之降載調頻策略在考量各種不良因素的情況下，依然可以作出很好的調頻效果，並且能有效降低傳統機組的調頻餘裕量。

The capacity of wind power has being growing dramatically in the past decade. With the large wind penetration, conventional fossil fuel units are being replaced and thus the regulation margin is being sacrificed. This may degrade the frequency quality as the regulation capability of the system is affected. Thus, wind farm has the obligation to the system reliability, particularly for the high wind penetrated power system.
In this thesis, a frequency regulating strategy called de-loaded regulation (DLR) scheme is proposed and applied in the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The wind turbine de-loads only when there is a need to reduce the generation output. There are generally multiple wind parks operating in a high wind penetrated power system.
The coordination among multiple wind parks is very important while applying the DLR scheme. The prediction errors of system load and wind power that influence the reserve scheduling of conventional regulation units are taken into consideration. Simulation results show that DLR scheme is effective in improving the frequency quality while regulation reserve can be reduced.

摘要			I
Abstract			III
誌謝			V
Contents			VI
List of Tables		IX
List of Figures		X
Chapter 1	Introduction	1
1	Motivation	1
2	Research Goals and Contributions	3
3	Thesis Organization	3
Chapter 2	Schematic of Frequency Regulation and its Frequency Performance Indices	5
1	Introduction	5
2	Basic Principle of Load Frequency Control (LFC) [14]	5
2.1	Generator Model of Synchronous Machine	6
2.2	Load Model	7
2.3	Prime Mover Model	9
2.4	Governor Model	9
3	Automatic Generation Control (AGC)	12
3.1	AGC in a Single Area System [14]	13
4	Performance Indices of Frequency Regulation	14
4.1	Definition of Control Performance Standard 1 (CPS1)	14
4.2	Conventional Units’ Output Reversal	17
5	Summary	18
Chapter 3	Modeling of Multiple Wind Parks and the Impact of Wind Penetration to the System	19
1	Introduction	19
2	Wind Farm Modeling and Control	19
2.1	Configuration and Control Strategies of Wind Turbine	19
2.2	Configuration of Multiple Wind Parks	29
2.3	Power Output of the Simplified Wind Farm Model	33
3	Impact on System Reliability after Integrating Wind Farm	37
4	Summary	40
Chapter 4	Frequency Regulation Mechanism in a Single Wind Park	42
1	Introduction	42
2	Principle of De-Loaded Regulation (DLR) Scheme	43
2.1	De-Loaded Operation in Wind Turbines	43
2.2	DLR Control Scheme	44
3	Variance Decision Regulation (VDR) Control Scheme	48
4	Comparison between DLR and VDR Control Schemes	52
4.1	Simulations of the Regulation Performance Comparison between DLR Scheme and VDR Scheme	53
4.2	Simulation Results Analysis	63
4.3	Regulation Performance of Various Weighting K in VDR Control Scheme	67
5	Summary	71
Chapter 5	DLR Scheme Applied to the Multiple Wind Parks in a Wind Farm	73
1	Introduction	73
2	Coordination of DLR Control Scheme Applied to the Multiple Wind Parks	73
2.1	Regulation Weighting in the Multiple Wind Parks	74
2.2	Triggering of Frequency Regulation for the Multiple Wind Parks	75
3	Simulation	78
3.1	Schematic of Simulation and Parameters Setting	78
3.2	Simulation Results Analysis	87
4	Summary	91
Chapter 6	DLR Scheme Applied to the Wind Power System Considering Prediction Error of Load and Wind Power	92
1	Introduction	92
2	Regulation Reserve and Load-following Scheduling Considering Prediction Errors in Wind Power System	93
2.1	Definition of Net-load	93
2.2	Net-load Forecasting Profile Including the Prediction Error	95
2.3	Regulation Reserve and Load-following Scheduling According to the Forecasting Net-load	97
2.4	Simulation of Scheduled Regulation Reserve and Scheduled Load-following with respect to those Five Extreme Cases	101
3	DLR Scheme Applied in a Wind Power System Considering Prediction Errors	106
3.1	Simulation	107
4	Summary	119
Chapter 7	Conclusions and Future Works	121
1	Conclusions	121
2	Future Works	123
Bibliography			124
Appendix A			128
                                    

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