傳統的商業模式主要著重於提供產品或服務給顧客，然而隨著顧客對產品與服務知識的需求日益提升，此舉已無法滿足知識經濟時代顧客之需求。因此，有效地獲取、累積、儲存與應用知識以提供產品知識服務給顧客，將為企業成功之重要條件。
本論文之目的係以產品生命週期與其供應鏈為主軸設計一產品知識服務模式，並以此模式為基礎設計產品知識服務之系統架構以及發展核心技術，以滿足產品生命週期與其供應鏈各活動上參與者對產品相關知識之需求，進而有效縮短產品設計與開發之時程。
針對上述研究目的，本研究將(i)設計一產品知識服務模式，(ii)設計一產品知識服務系統架構，(iii)發展一產品經驗知識諮詢之專家推薦機制以及(iv)實作一產品知識服務系統與產品經驗知識諮詢之專家推薦機制。

Conventional business models focus on providing end products and services regardless of product- or service-related knowledge. Such models are unable to meet customer requirements in a knowledge economy. Therefore, to effectively capture, accumulate, store and apply knowledge to provide product knowledge service to customers is central to enterprise success.
This study designs a novel product knowledge service model based on a product lifecycle and its supply chain, and then develops the product knowledge service system framework and the core technologies. In this case, this study can satisfy the product knowledge requirements of all participants associated with a product lifecycle and its supply chain, to effectively reduce product design and development time.
The objective can be achieved by (i) designing a product knowledge service model, (ii) designing a product knowledge service system framework, (iii) developing an expert recommendation mechanism for product empirical knowledge consultation, and (iv) implementing a product knowledge service system and a expert recommendation mechanism for product empirical knowledge consultation.

[1] Aamodt, A., Knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning in CREEK knowledge modeling cycle, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3155, pp. 1-15, 2004.
[2] Abdelmoty, A. I., Smart, P. D., Jones, C. B., Fu, G., and Finch, D., A critical evaluation of ontology languages for geographic information retrieval on the Internet, Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 331-358, 2005.
[3] Asuncion, G. P., Ontology languages for the semantic web, IEEE Intelligent Systems, pp. 54-60, 2002.
[4] Aziz, H., Gao, J., Maropoulos, P., and Cheung, W. M., Open standard, open source and peer-to-peer tools and methods for collaborative product development, Computers in Industry, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 260-271, 2005.
[5] Barbulescu, M., Balan, G., Boicu, M., and Tecuci, G., Rapid development of large knowledge bases, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2003.
[6] Bechman, T., Implementing the knowledge organization in government, In Proceedings of the 10th National Conference on Federal Quality, 1997.
[7] Braga, R. M. M., Mattoso, M., and Werner, C. M. L., Using ontologies for domain information retrieval, Database and Expert Systems Applications, pp. 836-840, 2000.
[8] Changchien, S. W. and Lin, M. C., Design and implementation of a case-based reasoning system for marketing plans, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 43-53, 2005.
[9] Chen, R. C., Liang, J. Y., and Pan, R. H., Using recursive ART network to construction domain ontology based on term frequency and inverse document frequency, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 488-501, 2008.
[10] Chen, Y. J. and Chen, Y. M., Enabling collaborative product design through distributed engineering knowledge management, Computers in Industry, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 395-409, 2008.
[11] Chen, Y. J., Chen, Y. M., and Chu, H. C., Design and implementation of a cooperative enterprise selection mechanism for allied concurrent engineering environment, Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 257-274, 2007.
[12] Chen, Y. J., Chen, Y. M., Wang, C. B., Chu, H. C., and Tsai, T. N., Developing a multi-layer reference design retrieval technology for knowledge management in engineering design, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 839-866, 2005.
[13] Danesh, M. R. and Jin, Y., An agent-based decision network for concurrent engineering design, Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 34-47, 2001.
[14] Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L., Working knowledge: how organization manage what they know, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
[15] Decker, S., Erdmann, M., Fensel, D., and Studer, R., Ontobroker: ontology based access to distributed and semi-structured information, In Meersman, R. et al., editor, Semantic Issues in Multimedia Systems, Proceedings of DS-8. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publisher, pp. 351-369, 1999.
[16] Dong, A. and Agogino, A. M., Managing design information in enterprise-wide CAD using “Smart drawing”, Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 25-435, 1998.
[17] Dong, A. and Agogino, A. M., Text analysis for constructing design representations, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 65-75, 1997.
[18] Durkin, J., Expert systems design and development, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.
[19] Ebert, C. and De Man, J., Effectively utilizing project, product and process knowledge, Information and Software Technology, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 579-594, 2008.
[20] Eklund, P., Galán, M. A., Medina, J., Ojeda-Aciego, M., and Valverde, A., Similarities between powersets of terms, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 213-225, 2004.
[21] Fensel, D., Ontologies: a silver bullet for knowledge management and e-commerce, Springer, 2001.
[22] Fernandez-Lopez, M., Gonez-Perez, A., Pazos, A., and Pazos, J., Methodology: from ontological art towards ontological engineering, Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering of AAAI, Stanford University, 1997.
[23] Gladstone, B., From know-how to knowledge: the essential guide to understanding and implementing knowledge management, London: Oxford University Press, 2000.
[24] Gomez-Perez, A., Mariano, F., and Oscar, C., Ontological engineering, Springer-Verlag London, 2003.
[25] Gruber, T. R., A translation approach to portable ontology specification, Knowledge Acquisition, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 199-220, 1993.
[26] Guarino, N., Ontologies and knowledge bases: towards a terminological clarification, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Building and Sharing Very Large-Scale Knowledge Bases, 1995.
[27] Guha, S., Rastogi, R., and Shim, K., Cure: an efficient clustering algorithm for large database, In Proceedings of the ACM SIGNOD International Conference on Management of Data, 1998.
[28] Hartmann, S. and Link, S, Functional dependencies on nested attributes: algebraic, logical and topological perspective, In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, pp. 818-822, 2005.
[29] He, Y. and Hui, S. C., Mining a web citation database for author co-citation analysis, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 491-508, 2002.
[30] Hendriks, P. H. J. and Vriens, D. J., Knowledge-based systems and knowledge management: friends or foes, Information and Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 113-125, 1999.
[31] Ho, C. T., Chen, Y. M., Chen, Y. J., and Wang, C. B., Developing a distributed knowledge model for knowledge management in collaborative development and implementation of an enterprise system, Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 439-456, 2004.
[32] Huang, N. and Diao, S., Ontology-based enterprise knowledge integration, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 24, No 4, pp. 562-571, 2008.
[33] Irgens, C. S., Design support based on projection of information across the product-development life cycle by means of case-based reasoning, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Science, Measurement and Technology, Vol. 142, No. 5, pp. 345-349, 1995.
[34] Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B., and Olaisen, Aspects of innovation theory based on knowledge-management, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 121-139, 1999.
[35] Jung, J., Choi, I., and Song, M., An integration architecture for knowledge management systems and business process management systems, Computers in Industry, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 21-34, 2007.
[36] Kanet, J. J., Faisst, W., and Mertens, P., Application of information technology to a virtual enterprise broker: the case of Bill Epstein, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 62, No. 1-2, pp. 23-32, 1999.
[37] Kong, H., Hwang, M., and Kim, P., A new methodology for merging the heterogeneous domain ontologies based on the WordNet, Next Generation Web Service Practices, 2005.
[38] Lai, L. F., A knowledge engineering approach to knowledge management, Information Sciences, Vol. 177, No. 19, pp. 4072-4094, 2007.
[39] Liao, H. C. and Tsai, J. H., Data mining for DNA viruses with breast cancer, fibroadenoma, and normal mammary tissue, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 188, No. 1, pp. 989-1000, 2007.
[40] Luck, M., Ashri, R., and D'Inverno, M., Agent-based software development, Boston: Artech House, 2004.
[41] Ma, Y. S., Tor, S. B., and Britton, G. A., The development of a standard component library for plastic injection mould design using an object-oriented approach, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 22, No. 9-10, pp. 611-618, 2003.
[42] Maedche, A. and Staab, S., Measuring similarity between ontologies, In Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Acquisition and Management, pp. 251-263, 2002.
[43] Masters, J., Structured knowledge source integration and its applications to information fusion, In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Fusion, 2002.
[44] Mayer, R. J., Paintec, M. K., and Dewitte, P. S., IDEF family of method for concurrent engineering and business re-engineering applications, College Station, TX: Knowledge Based Systems, 1994.
[45] Millie, K. and Balasubramanian P., Knowledge scope: managing knowledge in context, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 467-486, 2002.
[46] Natalya F. N., Making biomedical ontologies and ontology repositories work, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 78-81, 2004.
[47] Neches, R., Flkes, R. E., Finin, T., Gruber, T. R., Senator, T., and Swartout, W. R., Enabling technology for knowledge sharing, AI Magazin, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 36-56, 1991.
[48] Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H., The knowledge creating company: how japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[49] Penoyer, J. A., Burnett, G., Fawcett, D. J., and Liou, S. Y., Knowledge based product life cycle systems: principles of integration of KBE and C3P, Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 32, No. 5-6, pp. 311-320, 2000.
[50] Petrash, G., Dow’s journey to a knowledge value management culture, European Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 365-373, 1996.
[51] Raghu, T. S. and Vinze, A., A business process context for knowledge management, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 43, No, 3, pp. 1062-1079, 2007.
[52] Ramesh, B. and Tiwana, A., Supporting collaborative process knowledge management in new product development teams, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 27, No. 1-2, pp. 213-235, 1999.
[53] Ricardo, J. G., Antonio, G., and Adolfo, S. G., Challenging the interoperability between computers in industry with MDA and SOA, Computers in Industry, Vol. 57, No. 8-9, pp. 679-689, 2006.
[54] Roderich, O. and Horvath, I., Toward product-related knowledge asset warehousing in enterprises, In Proceedings of the TMCE International Conference, 2002.
[55] Rokaya, M., Atlam, E., Fuketa, M., Dorji, T. C., and Aoe, J., Ranking of field association terms using Co-word analysis, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 738-755, 2008.
[56] Simon S., Design repositories: engineering designs new knowledge base, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 15, No .3, pp. 48-55, 2000.
[57] Song, X., Li, B. H., and Chai. X., Research on key technologies of complex product virtual prototype lifecycle management (CPVPLM), Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 387-398, 2008.
[58] Staab, S., Schnurr, H. P., Studer, R., and Sure, Y., Knowledge process and ontology, IEEE Intelligent System, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 26-34, 2001.
[59] Turng, L. S., DeAugistine, D., and Taam, B., A Knowledge base system for the design and manufacture of injection-molded plastic products, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, pp. 95-98, 1998.
[60] Uschold, M. and Gruninger, M., Ontologies: principles, methods and applications, Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 93-55, 1996.
[61] Wang, C. B., Chen, Y. J., Chen, Y. M., and Chu, H. C., Development of technology for customer requirement-based reference design retrieval, Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 33-46, 2006.
[62] Wang, X. H., Zhang, D. Q., Gu, T., and Pung, H. K., Ontology based context modeling and reasoning using OWL, In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, pp. 18-22, 2004.
[63] Waterman, D. A., A guide to expert systems, Addison-Wesley, MA, 1986.
[64] Weiner, A. J., Thurman, D. A., and Mitchell, C. M., Applying case-based reasoning to aid fault management in supervisory control, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century, Vol. 5, pp. 4213-4218, 1995.
[65] Wiig, K. M., Knowledge management foundation, Schema Press, 1993.
[66] Wiig, K. M., Knowledge management: where did it come from and where will it go?, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-14, 1997.
[67] Wood III, W. H. and Agogino, A. M., Case-based conceptual design information server for concurrent engineering, Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 61-369, 1996.
[68] Yoo, S. B. and Kim, Y., Web-based knowledge management for sharing product data in virtual enterprises, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 75, No. 1-2, pp. 173-183, 2002.
[69] Yu, R., Iung, B., and Panetto, H., A multi-agents based e-maintenance system with case-based reasoning decision support, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 321-333, 2003.
[70] Zhu, H., Chen, D., and Zhang, X., Research of knowledge chain in intelligent control, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics, Intelligent Systems, and Signal Processing, Vol. 2, pp.1027-1030, 2003.