自18世紀工業革命以來，全球暖化現象日益加劇，為了控制升溫幅度，聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）提出將全球升溫限制在1.5℃以內的路徑，並且在2050年須達到淨零碳排。而根據國際能源署（IEA）的報告，2022年建築部門排放量約占總能源排放的34%，其中，住宅部門常年貢獻了超過50%的排放量，可見住宅建築在能源消耗中占據重要地位。然而，隨著環境的變遷與碳有價的時代來臨，建築性能的相關規範與設計標準日益多元，使得永續建築設計愈發複雜。考量到在設計初期變更設計的成本最低，因此，設計者如何於設計初期，克服資訊量不足且充斥著大量不確定性的挑戰下，以時間與經濟成本最低的途徑，做出對環境負擔最小的設計決策，同時顧及室內環境品質，著實為相當複雜的課題。
在台灣，約有63%的建築總樓地板面積為住宅類使用，其中，集合住宅因其總樓地板面積龐大以及標準層等特性，進行參數化永續設計的效益相當顯著。因此，本研究旨在開發出一個適用於集合住宅之多目的最佳化工具，在設計初期快速評估集合住宅各設計方案的生命週期碳排、生命週期成本與舒適度，工具架構是建立在Rhino Grasshopper平台上，並且基於台灣法定的評估系統以及本土的資料所設計。工具驗證結果表明，與耗時費力的人工計算之數值差異僅不到0.1%，並且除了LCCO2、LCC與IVR的量化指標外，該工具還提供了視覺化介面，可以很好地與實務上的設計流程接軌。
在案例研究中，將該工具應用於多個實際集合住宅案例上，各目標的最佳化結果顯示，LCCO2減少了5%～13%，LCC大幅降低了14%～23%，IVR則改善了1%～13%，而各案之平衡解相較於單目標最佳解則有更均衡的表現，在LCCO2上減少了0%～10%，同時在LCC上顯著降低了12%～22%，IVR的差異則介於-11%～+5%之間。除了評估與原設計案的差異外，本研究也深入探討各案最佳解之間在各參數表現上的相似性，針對不同設計目標導向提供設計策略與建議，另外，本研究還進一步分析了各案例在生命週期碳排與生命週期成本上的差異來源，並且針對LCCO2、LCC與IVR三目標進行各設計變數的敏感度分析，揭露碳排、成本與舒適度的關鍵影響參數，提供設計者永續且經濟的設計指引。

With the evolving environmental context and the advent of upfront carbon pricing, regulations and design criteria related to building performance are becoming increasingly diverse and complex. Given that the cost of design modifications is lowest during the early design stage, it is crucial for designers to overcome challenges of limited information and significant uncertainties, make decisions efficiently, and ensure indoor environmental quality.
In Taiwan, approximately 63% of the total building gross floor area is allocated to the residential sector, where multifamily residential buildings are particularly responsive to parametric sustainable design strategies due to their substantial floor areas and standardized layouts. This research aims to develop a multi-objective optimization (MOO) tool for multifamily residential buildings in the early design stage. The tool, based on national regulations and localized databases in Taiwan, enables rapid evaluation of life-cycle carbon emissions (LCCO2), life-cycle cost (LCC), and insufficient ventilation ratio (IVR). Validation indicates that results deviate by less than 1% from conventional manual calculations.
In the case study, several multifamily residential buildings were examined. The MOO results showed that LCCO2 decreased by 5%–13%, LCC declined by 14%–23%, and IVR improved by 1%–13%. For balanced solutions, LCCO2 and LCC decreased by 0%–10% and 12%–22%, respectively, while IVR ranged from –11% to +5%. Similarities among MOO solutions were analyzed to derive objective-oriented design strategies. Comparative analyses of LCCO2 and LCC, along with sensitivity analyses, identified key parameters influencing LCCO2, LCC, and IVR, ultimately proposing sustainable and cost-effective design guidelines.

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