在傳統頸軸承液動潤滑分析中，過往多以穩態分析為主，且常假設與油膜接觸之軸承襯套為剛性或線彈性材料。然而，近年來因經濟效益、耐磨耗性、減震能力，以及降低異物碎屑造成軸頸損傷等考量，高分子材料逐漸被應用於軸承襯套設計中。早期高分子襯套多應用於水潤滑軸頸軸承，主要利用其良好的耐磨耗性、耐腐蝕性與低摩擦特性，改善傳統金屬襯套在水潤滑環境下可能面臨之磨損與潤滑不足問題。隨著材料技術與加工製程逐漸成熟，近年來高分子襯套之機械強度、耐溫性與尺寸穩定性已有明顯提升，使其應用範圍不再侷限於水潤滑軸頸軸承，亦逐漸具備應用於礦物油等油體潤滑環境之可行性。
本研究採用雷諾方程式描述油膜壓力分佈，並將襯套變形量納入膜厚方程式中；其中黏彈性襯套以 Kelvin-Voigt模型表示，藉由彈性項與黏滯項描述襯套材料之變形與延遲反應。在給定負載與轉速條件下，分別分析剛性襯套、線彈性襯套及不同黏滯係數之黏彈性襯套，並比較其油膜壓力、膜厚分佈、變形量、應變率、摩擦力、軸心軌跡與平衡位置。
結果表明襯套變形會改變油膜厚度與壓力分佈，進而影響軸心平衡位置與暫態軌跡；而黏滯係數則主要影響轉子由暫態進入穩態之速度與變形延遲程度。當黏滯係數較高時，襯套變形反應較慢，初期行為較接近剛性襯套；但在一段時間運轉後，轉子軌跡仍會逐漸趨於穩定。因此，相較於傳統線彈性模型，考慮黏彈性襯套效應更能反映高分子襯套在實際運轉下之時間延遲變形與阻尼特性；同時在高黏滯係數條件下，襯套可於暫態初期呈現較接近剛性襯套之穩定承載行為，並兼具高分子材料之耐磨耗、減震與降低軸頸損傷等優點。本研究可作為後續高分子襯套軸承設計與暫態性能分析之參考。

Traditional hydrodynamic lubrication analyses of journal bearings are mostly based on steady-state conditions, and the bearing bushing is often assumed to be rigid or linearly elastic. In recent years, polymer materials have been increasingly used in bearing bushings because of their advantages in cost, wear resistance, vibration reduction, and reduced journal damage. Although polymer bushings were mainly applied to water-lubricated systems in the past, improvements in material properties have made their use in oil-lubricated systems, such as mineral oil environments, more feasible.

In this study, the Reynolds equation is used to describe the oil film pressure distribution, and bushing deformation is included in the film thickness equation. The viscoelastic behavior of the bushing is modeled using the Kelvin–Voigt model. Rigid, linearly elastic, and viscoelastic bushings with different viscosity coefficients are compared under given load and rotational speed conditions.

The results show that bushing deformation affects the oil film thickness, pressure distribution, journal center trajectory, and equilibrium position. The viscosity coefficient mainly influences the deformation delay and transient convergence behavior. Compared with the linearly elastic model, the viscoelastic model can better describe the time-dependent deformation and damping characteristics of polymer bushings. This study can serve as a reference for the design and dynamic analysis of polymer bushing bearings.

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