本研究選用自然界常見的高嶺土礦物進行改質處理，應用作為Sr2+及Co2+吸附劑。實驗主要分為三大部分，第一部分探討天然高嶺土的適當改質參數，將熱處理後的高嶺土（偏高嶺土）分別進行酸鹼活化及鹼活化，比較預先經由HCl酸活化處理之偏高嶺土，以及直接進行NaOH鹼活化處理，對於Sr2+及Co2+之吸附效率差異，並檢討酸處理的必要性。實驗結果顯示，預先進行酸活化處理之偏高嶺土，雖可提高比表面積，但在鹼活化後由於電荷補償作用又重新堆疊，使比表面積下降，且其與直接進行鹼活化處理之樣品，所得產物性質相近，兩者皆可有效將Na+置入，預先酸處理並非必要步驟。批次吸附實驗結果顯示，鹼活化之高嶺土對於Sr2+及Co2+之最佳飽和吸附量分別為180.2 mg/g以及118.5 mg/g。
透過NMR的分析可知，在鹼活化過程中，偏高嶺土中的Si-O-Si鍵結會先崩解，再與AlO4聚合形成高離子性的Al-O-Si鍵結，同時將Na+離子置入結構中，Na+的配位形式隨著鹼活化時間的延長，有朝向高離子性的配位形式發展，在陳化時間達到7天時形成以Zeolite A為主的結晶相。Sr2+之吸附效率與高離子性鍵結的比例呈正相關，隨著陳化時間延長吸附容量有上升的趨勢，而Co2+則因離子篩效應，在Zeolite A生成時吸附效率反而降低。
從動力學實驗中發現，鹼活化改質高嶺土對於Sr2+與Co2+的吸附行為分為兩階段，吸附初期以表面化學吸附及化學沉澱為主，吸附後期則由離子交換反應所主導，兩者之吸附機制皆為一複合式的吸附反應。由熱力學結果得知，鹼活化改質高嶺土吸附Sr2+及Co2+皆為一自發吸熱反應。
與改質膨潤土進行元素與結構的比較發現，高嶺土在NaOH溶液中，隨著陳化時間的延長發生了溶解再聚合的反應，改質膨潤土卻無發生相似反應，其關鍵歸因於Si/Al比例的差異。鹼活化之改質高嶺土中，溶出的Al-O足以與Si-O形成足量的N-A-S-H凝膠持續進行聚合反應，使得質量損失率相對較低。
本研究的第二部分則是評估鹼活化改質高嶺土進行多重離子的吸附，探討離子競爭吸附的行為。在Sr2+、Co2+、Cs+的離子競爭吸附實驗中發現，Sr2+、Co2+於單一及三重溶液的環境下的吸附容量總和相似，推測二價陽離子應佔據相同的吸附位置，且Sr2+、Co2+的總吸附容量不會受到Cs+的共存而有所影響。而Cs+則受到Sr2+、Co2+的共存明顯受到影響，吸附效率降低，顯示本研究所製成之鹼活化改質高嶺土對於二價陽離子有較高的交換選擇性。
此外，本研究亦嘗試將鹼活化改質高嶺土應用作為高酸度工業廢水的處理。使用工廠含Ni2+與Cu2+之高酸度(pH < 2)的工業廢水作為測試對象，研究結果顯示，鹼活化改質高嶺土對於90 ppm的Ni2+可到達100 %的去除率，不受高酸度(pH = 1.53)以及廢水中之Na+、K+等離子所影響。而含300 ppm的Cu2+之工業廢水則僅有6 %左右的去除率，在稀釋三倍之後去除率大幅上升至98 %，推測 Cu2+離子之交換作用受到其他離子的競爭影響較為明顯。

This study is devoted in the decontamination of nuclear wastewater, especially Sr2+ and Co2+. Kaolinite was employed an alkali activation to increase the adsorption capacity of Sr2+ and Co2. The adsorption capacity of Sr2+ and Co2+ increased to 180.2 and 118.5 mg/g after alkali activation. The structure and chemical composition of alkali-activated kaolinite in correlation with the adsorption efficiency were carefully examined. The key factor that determine the adsorption capacity and weight loss in the alkali-activated clay minerals was investigated for the purpose of facilitating the selection of appropriate adsorbents for decontamination treatment of wastewater. Two clay minerals, i. e. kaolinite and bentonite that exhibited different structures and chemical compositions, were studied. The alkali-activated kaolinite was also tested in multi-cations solutions to investigate the behavior of ion competition. All the adsorption capacity of Sr2+, Co2+ and Cs+ decreased because of other cations coexisted. However, the total equivalent amount of adsorption capacity of Sr2+ and Co2+ in ternary system remains almost the same with the summary of single solute system, implying the selected adsorption for divalent ions. After the adsorption completed, the alkali-activated kaolinite was mineralized to carry out the ionic immobilization. The adsorbed Sr2+ and Co2+ ions was immobilized in aluminosilicate structure.

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