2009年8月9日莫拉克颱風引發高雄市小林里之災害性崩塌(catastrophic landslide)。本研究將(1)調查小林崩塌之區域地質；(2)統計岩體破裂面特性；(3)探討崩塌破壞的運動型式及；(4)建立區域地層柱及崩塌堆積材料分類作詳細調查，藉以歸納小林村崩塌之地質背景及解釋崩塌發生原因。

小林地區有兩個褶皺(小林向斜及未命名背斜)與兩處斷層(甲仙斷層及五里埔斷層)。除西北西走向之五里埔斷層，所有構造皆為北北東走向。軸部位置接近小林村落之小林向斜為開口朝南傾沒之向斜。甲仙斷層由數個具有些許左移滑移運動之南北向傾西40-50度逆斷層組成。五里埔斷層為具有右移走向滑移運動之西北西走向高角度斷層。

小林崩塌被認定為楔型破壞，楔型破壞是由上新世到中新世糖恩山砂岩之層面N26oW/22oW及高角度破裂面N80oE/84oN所組成，且滑動方向為西南西向(262/21)。甲仙斷層經過崩塌中部區域，經野外調查發現甲仙斷層帶鄰近之破裂面密度明顯地增加，提供了豪雨時孔隙水流之良好通道。因此，甲仙斷層帶鄰近高孔隙壓伴隨著岩體強度降低是豪雨中觸發崩塌發生之主要因素。觸發破壞後，因失去中段山坡支撐，使得崩塌向上擴大且發生楔型破壞。

The catastrophic landslide in the Hsiaolin village, Kaohsiung city, was induced by typhoon Morakot had caused great damage on August 9th, 2009. This study concluded the geological background and the explanation of landslide induced factors. According to (1) the site geology survey；(2) the characteristics of bedrock fractures；(3) the discussion of landslide failure type；(4) the stratigraphic column explanation and deposits material classification.

Two folds (Hsiaolin syncline and unnamed anticline) and two faults (Chiahsien fault, and Wulipu fault) are recognized in Hsiaolin area. All the structures trend in NNE direction except for the NWW-trending Wulipu fault. The Hsiaolin syncline which axis locates close to the Hsiaolin village is an open, southern plunged syncline. The Chiahsien fault is composed of several N-S trending, 40o-50o western dipping thrusts with minor amount of left-lateral strike-slip motion. The Wulipu fault is a WNW-trending high angle fault with significant right-lateral strike-slip motion.

The Hsiaolin landslide is recognized as a wedge type of failure. The failure wedge is formed by N26oW/22oW bedding plane of Pliocene-Miocene Tangenshan Sandstone and N80oE/84oN high angle fractures with sliding direction to west-southwest (262/21). The Chiahsien fault passes through the middle part of landslide. Field measurement shows significantly increasing of fracture density at place nearby Chiahsien fault which provides excellent path for fluid flow during heavy rainfall. Therefore, great fluid pressure associated with decreasing the rocks strength in area nearby Chiahsien fault is proposed to be the main factor to initiate the landslide during heavy rainfall. After failure initiation, landslide is enlarged upward and the wedge type of failure occurred due to lose support in the middle of hill slope.

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