研究背景與目的：根據Kagan等人自1984年起的追綜研究，行為抑制為一先天氣質傾向，被視為導致焦慮症的預測因子之一。行為抑制的兒童在嬰兒時期容易有較高的活動量與哭鬧，在學步期會害羞與害怕，學齡前在陌生情境中容易膽小、面對陌生人會害羞，學齡期則比較謹慎、安靜、內向。目前研究已證實焦慮症母親之子代在行為抑制的比例上顯著較高，行為抑制與個體本身的焦慮症亦有顯著相關。但是以往關於焦慮症與行為抑制的研究，其所施測對象多以4個月-7.5歲的兒童及12歲以上的青少年為主，以8-10歲的兒童為對象之研究較為缺乏，而流行病學的研究顯示兒童時期的焦慮症平均發病年齡在8-10歲之間，因此探討8-10歲兒童的行為抑制與其本身及母親的焦慮症之間的關係，是目前重要的研究問題。是故，本研究以中文版行為抑制量表的施測(母親評兒童版及兒童自評版)及行為抑制實驗室情境觀察法測量8-10歲小孩的行為抑制，探討焦慮症（焦慮組）與正常人（正常組）母親之8-10歲小孩在行為抑制上的差異。

假設：焦慮組母親的8-10歲兒童與正常組母親的8-10歲兒童相較，有顯著較高的行為抑制得分或分佈比例。

方法：以曾經在成大醫院婦產科生產，參與國科會研究計劃「產後憂鬱症之前因與後果」，經由MSADS-L確立診斷的焦慮組與正常組兩組的母親與兒童為對象，以CMSADS-L對母親進行追蹤診斷晤談之後，請母親填寫母親評兒童行為抑制量表與兒童焦慮量表以評估兒童的行為抑制與焦慮狀態；在對兒童進行行為抑制實驗室情境觀察與錄影之後，請兒童填寫兒童自評行為抑制量表。以Student’s t test 檢定焦慮組母親與正常組母親之兒童在兒童自評行為抑制、母親評兒童行為抑制與兒童焦慮量表得分與行為抑制實驗室情境觀察法各項指標表現上之差異。以Pearson積差相關檢驗焦慮組母親與正常組母親之兒童在兒童自評行為抑制量表、母親評兒童行為抑制量表、兒童焦慮量表等量表的得分與行為抑制實驗室情境觀察法各項指標間的相關性。依據兒童在中文版行為抑制量表的施測(母親評兒童版及兒童自評)及行為抑制實驗室情境觀察指標的表現將兒童分為行為抑制與非行為抑制兩組，以χ2分配檢驗兩組母親的小孩在行為抑制比例上的差異。

結果：以Student’s t test 檢定發現焦慮組與正常組母親之兒童，在兒童焦慮量表中的分量尺分離焦慮得分呈現顯著差異，焦慮組母親之兒童與正常組母親之兒童相較之下，在分離焦慮分量表的得分顯著較高；但在廣泛性焦慮、兒童焦慮量表總得分、兒童自評行為抑制量表與母親評兒童行為抑制量表得分上，皆未呈現顯著差異。在行為抑制實驗室情境觀察指標表現中，焦慮組兒童在對施測者的自發性談話的秒數與觀察指標總秒數上，與正常組兒童相較顯著較高。以Pearson積差相關檢驗發現兒童自評行為抑制得分與兒童焦慮量表得分之間未呈現顯著相關。母親評兒童行為抑制得分與分離焦慮分量表、兒童焦慮量表總分則呈現顯著正相關，與廣泛性焦慮分量表則未呈現顯著相關；行為抑制量表得分與行為抑制實驗室情境觀察指標表現則未呈現顯著相關。以χ2進行檢定發現焦慮組與正常組母親之兒童在行為抑制的比例未呈現顯著差異。

討論：本研究中依據中文版行為抑制量表的施測(母親評兒童版及兒童自評版)及行為抑制實驗室情境觀察指標的表現所評估的行為抑制兒童，在焦慮組與正常組母親之兒童中的比例並未呈現顯著差異，與本研究假設及以往的研究結果不一致，其中一個可能原因是因樣本數不足而導致。目前國內外尚未有以實驗室情境觀察7.5歲以上小孩的行為抑制的研究，本研究中所採用的8-10歲兒童的行為抑制評分系統，為一實驗性的先驅測量，尚未建立完整的信效度評估，並且需考慮到行為抑制的外顯特徵可能會隨著兒童在不同階段的發展而有所變動，因此在未來亦需進一步的釐清本次所採用的評分指標是否可以反映8-10歲小孩的行為抑制。

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