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研究生：	蔡金榮 Yuwana, Yohan
論文名稱：	氮摻雜對孔洞碳材電容表現的影響 Effects of Nitrogen Doping on the Capacitive Performance of Porous Carbons
指導教授：	鄧熙聖 Teng, Hsi-Sheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程學系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	103
外文關鍵詞：	ammonia doping, activated porous carbons, nitrogen doping, EDLC, Na2SO4
相關次數：	點閱：72 下載：0
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Effect of nitrogen doping on the capacitive performance of porous carbons were observed by ammonia doping during heat treatment at high temperature. The activated mesophase pitch and phenol formaldehyde carbons were mixed with carbon nanotube then were doped ammonia doping at 700 C for 30 min, 1 and 2 hours. The cell equipped with each nitrogen doping on porous carbons in 1 M Na2SO4 solution can reach a high capacitance value of 250 F g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 and retention 51 % at 100 A g-1. Nitrogen content on carbon surface can increase the polarity and hydrophobicity of carbon and facilitates the wettability between electrode and electrolyte. Wettability of inner-pore carbon surface, will make the electrolyte ions penetrate into inner pores easily and promote the utilization of charge storage. Moreover, because of nitrogen doping function as non-faradaic process or electrostatics as EDLC then N-Q and N-X which positively charges affect electron transfer through the carbon frameworks. As the result, the symmetric cells can deliver high energy of 22 kW kg-1 at low discharge rate with superior stability of 92% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge.

Keywords: ammonia doping, activated porous carbons, nitrogen doping, EDLC, Na2SO4

 Contents

Abstract	i
Acknowledge	ii
Contents	iii
List of figures 	vi
List of table	ix

Chapter 1 Introduction
1-1 Introduction to supercapacitor	1
1-2 EDLC Material	4
1-2-1 Carbon as an EDLC Material	4
1-2-2 Phenolic Resin	6
1-2-3 Electrolyte as an EDLC Material	12
1-2-4 Separator as an EDLC Material	14
1-3 Nitrogen enrichment as for supercapacitor	14

Chapter 2 Literature Review
2-1 Synthesis of Nitrogen Doping	17
2-1-1 Post-treatment processing	17
2-1-2 Transformation and decomposition nitrogen containing groups	19
2-2 Analysis of physical carbon material properties	21
2-2-1 Adsorption theory	21
2-2-1-1 Adsorption Isotherm	22
2-2-1-2 Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)	25
2-2-1-3 Dubinin-Radushevich (D-R)	26
2-2-1-4 Barrett Joyner Halenda (BJH)	27
2-2-1-5 Density Functional Theory (DFT)	28
2-3 Electrical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)	29
2-3-1 Capacitor	29
2-3-2 Parallel Plate Capacitor	30
2-3-3 Capacitor in Series	32
2-3-4 Capacitor in Parallel	33
2-3-5 Two and three cell electrode Capacitor	35
2-4 Structure and Concept of Electric Double Layer	37
2-4-1 Electric Double Layer principle	38
2-4-2 Helmholtz Electric Double Layer Model	39
2-4-3 Stern Electric Double Layer Model	40
2-4-4 Electric Double-Layer Structure	42
2-5 Electrochemical Test Method	44
2-5-1 Cyclic Voltammetry	44
2-5-2 Electrochemical charge and discharge	46
2-5-3 Impedance Theory	48
2-5-3-1 Resistance	49
2-5-3-2 Capacitance	49
2-5-3-3 Resistor and capacitor in series	51
2-5-3-4 Resistor capacitor in parallel	52

Chapter 3 Experimental Methods and Equipment
3-1 Chemicals, materials and equipment	55
3-1-1 Chemicals and materials	55
3-1-2 Instruments and Laboratory equipment	56
3-2 Preparation of porous Carbon materials	57
3-2-1 Preparation of Phenol formaldehyde Carbon	57
3-2-1-1 Preparation of Phenol formaldehyde Resin	57
3-2-1-2 Chemical activation and pre-oxidation	59
3-2-2 Preparation of Activated meso pitch carbon	61
3-2-3 Ball milling and the CNT addition	61	
3-2-4 Heat Treatment for PFR-mt and aMP-mt	61
3-2-5 Nitrogen Doping process	62
3-3 Characterization of materials	63
3-3-1 Nitrogen adsorption-desorption	63
3-3-2 Energy-disperse X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)	63
3-3-3 Four-point probe conductivity test	63
3-4 Electrochemical characteristics	64
3-4-1 Capacitor assembling	64
3-4-2 CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRIC MEASUREMENT	65
3-4-3 Galvanostatic Charge and discharge measurement	66
3-4-4 AC Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)	66



Chapter 4 Result and Discussion
4-1 Physical properties of porous carbon	67
4-1-1 Nitrogen adsorption-desorption Analysis	67
4-1-2 Energy-disperse X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)	73
4-1-3 Four probes conductivity analysis	74
4-2 Electrochemical characterization	77
4-2-1 Analysis and discussion of the cyclic voltammograms	77
4-2-1-1 A three electrochemical cell	77
4-2-1-2 A two cell cyclic voltammetric	81
4-2-2 Analysis and discussion of the Charge and discharge Galvanometric	83
4-2-3 Analysis and discussion of the resistance of IR drop and EIS	85
4.3 Electrochemical supercapacitor behaviour	89
4.4 Literature Survey	91

Chapter 5 Conclusion	95

Reference 	97

                                    

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