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研究生：	葛仁多 Praditya, Ananta
論文名稱：	二氧化碳趨勢分析及投入產出生命週期評估以印尼石油煉製業為例 CO2 Emissions Trend and Input Output Life Cycle Assessment of Indonesia's Petroleum Refining Sector
指導教授：	林素貞 Lin, Sue-Jane
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	123
外文關鍵詞：	Petroleum refining sector, CO2 emissions trend, Energy consumption, Input-Output analysis, Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment
相關次數：	點閱：78 下載：3
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The petroleum refining sector is one of the largest industrial consumer of energy in Indonesia. Almost all of energy used in the process of petroleum refining used oil fuel for combustion. GHG emissions is the main problem from petroleum refining sector. Petroleum refining sector is the one of sectors that linked with many other sectors and the products are crucial part of the Indonesia economy, contributing a large sources of energy and supporting other high-value product. Gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, naphtha are the examples of high-value output from petroleum refining that are very essential to Indonesia’s economic. The products from petroleum can help to boost Indonesia’s economic growth, but this growth in line with environmental impact. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of the petroleum refining in increased the economic, energy used and environmental Impact in Indonesia.
This study uses several method to collect and process the data. Divisia index decomposition is used to identify the factor causing high CO2 emission of petroleum sector. The result reveals, economic growth is the factor that accelerates the increase of CO2 emission. On other hand, share of production be an influent factor in the decline of CO2 emissions. Input output analysis is used to determine top 10 of forward and backward linkage effect and also determined the sensibility index of dispersion and power index of dispersion. Petroleum refining sector was in top 10 forward linkage effect but not in top 10 backward linkage effect during 2005, 2008 and 2010. Moreover, the result of sensibility index of dispersion was higher than power index of dispersion. This result shows petroleum refining is more important in serving other industries as input product or services than absorbing other industry products. Input output analysis combined with life cycle assessment to analyses the major environmental impacts direct and indirect of the petroleum refining sector. TRACI 2 and IMPACT 2002+ uses to evaluate the environmental impacts. TRACI 2 shows the highest impact was ecotoxicity followed by global warming. Impact 2002+ shows four-step results, characterization, damage assessment, normalization and single step. On the characterization and damage assessment, non-renewable energy was the highest of 14 other impacts. Based on normalization, the largest impact shown by resources followed by human health, climate change and ecosystem quality.
Petroleum refining linked with many sectors, shown from 2008 and 2010 the environmental impact was dominated by indirect result from transportation, electricity and cement industry. Therefore, needs to increase in technology to become more environmental-friendly and produce less carbon. Another suggestion is to promote sustainable development by developing renewable energy sources.

Abstract ............................ i 
Acknowledgment ..................................iii 
Contents ........................................... v 
List of Table .............................. ix 
List of Figure .............................. xi 
Chapter 1 Introduction ................................. 1 
1.1 Research Background .................... 1 
1.2 Research Objective .......................... 3 
1.3 Research Framework and Scope .................. 3 
Chapter 2 Industrial Background .................... 7 
2.1 Industrial Structure ..................... 7 
2.2 Fundamental and Process ............................ 9
2.2.1 Desalting and Dewatering 
2.2.2 Distillation .............................. 10 
2.2.3 Cracking ...................................... 11 
2.2.4 Reforming ............................. 11 
2.3 Industrial Impact ........................... 11 
2.3.1 Current Energy Condition and Issues.............. 12 
2.3.2 Economic Impact ......................... 17 
2.3.3 Environmental Impact ........................ 18 
2.4 Policy Implication .............................. 20 
Chapter 3 Literature Review and Methodology ............ 27 
3.1 Decomposition Analysis ............................ 27 
3.2 Input – Output Analysis ..................... 28 
3.3 Input – Output Life Cycle Assessment ............... 30 
3.4 Decomposition Method .......................... 31 
3.4.1 Data Consolidation ......................... 33 
3.5 Input – Output Analysis .......................... 34 
3.6 Input – Output Life Cycle Assessment ............... 40 
3.6.1 Impact Assessment Model ......................... 42 
Chapter 4 Decomposition Analysis ....................... 51 
4.1 Introduction ................................. 51 
4.2 Data Consolidation and Result ...................... 51 
4.3 Summary ................................... 54 
Chapter 5 Input – Output Analysis (I-O Analysis) ....... 57 
5.1 Introduction ................................. 57 
5.2 Data Consolidation & Result ...................... 57 
5.3 Summary ....................................... 64 
Chapter 6 Input – Output Life Cycle Assessment (I-O LCA) ....... 65 
6.1 Introduction .............................. 65 
6.2 Data Consolidation .......................... 66 
6.3 Limitation and Assumptions ................... 67 
6.4 Result and Discussion ..................... 68 
6.4.1 Traci 2........................................ 69 
6.4.2 Impact 2002 ................................... 76 
6.5 Comparison between Traci 2 and Impact 2002+......... 88 
6.6 Summary ................................ 90 
Chapter 7 Conclusions ........................... 93 
7.1 Conclusions ................................ 93 
7.2 Suggestions ................................ 94 
References .................................. 97 
Appendix 1 Classification Input Output Table 2005, 2008 and 2010 ....................... 103 
Appendix 2- Result of Forward and Backward linkage effect in 2005 ..................... 106 
Appendix 3- Result of Forward and Backward linkage effect in 2008 ..................... 109 
Appendix 4- Result of Forward and Backward linkage effect in 2010 ..................... 112 
Appendix 5- Major Impact for the top 20 most important sectors in 2005 (TRACI method .......... 115 
Appendix 6- Major Impact for the top 20 most important sectors in 2008 (TRACI method) ................ 117 
Appendix 7- Major Impact for the top 20 most important sectors in 2010 (TRACI method) ................... 119 
Appendix 8- Impact 2002+ Top 20 Sector for Normalization step during 2005, 2008 and 2010 ............. 121 
                                    

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校內：2018-01-17公開
校外：2018-01-17公開

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