在現今這個競爭且變動十分劇烈的環境中，企業常常藉由策略聯盟來獲得所需要的技術或資源，來提高公司效率並加強其競爭地位。各個公司在進行策略聯盟時的第一步，就是選擇一個適合的聯盟夥伴。過往研究大多只關注於同一產業內的策略聯盟，然而，近年來異業結盟日益興盛；因此，我們探討在不同類型的聯盟（同業或異業）中，就不同合作導向而言（任務相關導向或夥伴相關導向），對其的最重要的夥伴選擇條件究竟為何。
　　在本研究中，我們發放問卷來蒐集資料，總共收集了97個聯盟事件。由結果得知，當企業傾向「夥伴相關導向」時，信任程度是最重要的夥伴選擇條件。另一方面，如同我們所提出的假設，當企業傾向「任務相關導向」時，在組成聯盟的企業關係為同業的前提之下，互補性技能和資源是最重要的選擇條件;而財務能力是異業結盟中最重要的條件。然而，令我們感到驚訝的是並沒有企業認為相容的目標是重要條件。因為過往許多學者提到，當企業傾向「夥伴相關導向」時，相容的目標是非常重要的條件。
　　除此之外，我們還發現公司規模與夥伴選擇的微妙關係 。在組成聯盟的企業是同產業的前提下，規模為中小企業的公司，超過百分之八十八是「夥伴相關導向」。另一方面，大企業傾向「任務相關導向」。 本篇論文係從不同面向來幫助企業在不同的前提條件下，找到最適配的合作夥伴。

Nowadays, the business world is more competitive and changes more rapidly. To face this severe situation, firms often choose strategic alliances to enhance their operational efficiency. The first step of forming strategic alliance is to select an appropriate partner. Most of previous studies focused on only the intra-industry context; however, cross-industry alliances have become popular recently. Therefore, this study investigates what the most important criterion is for different partner concerns (task-related or partner-related) in different type of alliances (same industry or cross-industry).

We used survey to collect 97 alliance events. The empirical results show that when firms tend to be partner-related, Trustworthiness is the most important criterion in both industrial contexts. Consistent with what we proposed in our hypotheses, Complementarity Skills and Resources is most important to the firms with task-related concerns in the same industry, and Financial Capabilities is the most important criterion in the cross-industry. However, there were no firms considering Compatible Goals as the important criterion. This is also one of our surprising findings, since most scholars suggested that Compatible Goals is a very important criterion when firms have partner-related concerns.
Besides, we also found a significant relationship between partner concern and firm size. When forming alliances in the same industry, more than 88 % of small- and- medium- sized firms tend to have partner-related concerns. On the other hand, firms with large size tend to have task-related concerns. In sum, our research helps firms to consider from the different aspects for their alliance activities, and, by the different alliance type characteristics, they could find more appropriate partners.

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