潮汐現象與人類的生活息息相關，舉凡港灣工程、水深調查、航海、漁撈及生態環境等皆有相當程度的關聯，而潮汐資料的收集與分析更是水深測量過程中潮高修正的主要依據，一般是以沿岸或港口內所設立之潮位觀測站數據辦理，惟臺灣地區四面環海，海域潮汐受太平洋天文潮與海峽內淺水化效應影響，近岸與離岸海域有顯著的潮汐特性差異，故此種潮高修正方式易因近岸與外海潮位不同而造成水深測量的誤差；即使以RTK GPS配合測深儀方式進行水深測量作業，或搭配海上潮位站GPS浮標的方式進行，仍受離岸距離、GPS訊號接收遮蔽、海況條件及儀器維護問題等諸多因素限制。
本研究引用美國國家海洋大氣總署（NOAA）潮位分區的概念，以NAO99b潮位模式進行臺灣周圍海域格網化之潮位預報，並配合IOS調合分析方法依各網格點計算平均潮差（Mn）諸值以繪製等潮位線；另求取主導分潮之平均高潮間隙（MHWI）諸值繪製等潮時線，據此等潮位線及等潮時線之套疊建立首例1分格網的臺灣海域網格化潮位分區（Tidal Zones）圖，故水深測量作業期間之測區潮位值即可由鄰近潮位站所觀測之數值加入該潮位分區之振幅改正係數及相位差加以推算，藉以提升海域水深測量作業之品質。
惟以潮位分區獲取潮高改正數據的方法須事先花費龐大心力建置潮位分區並建立振幅比及潮時延遲等屬性資料，且在應用上只能作資料後處理，並無法進行潮高即時修正。因此，本研究再將NAO99b潮位模式作加值利用，並結合Arc GIS進行視窗化，建置視窗化潮位加值模式，使其能隨現場水深測量即時估算當時、當地之潮位，或儲存潮位數據供後處理以進行潮高修正。
經臺灣四周海域沿岸潮位站、海上潮位站GPS浮標等實測數據及RTK GPS水深測量作業反推潮高測試分析結果，NAO99b潮位模式預報之潮位與沿岸及海上潮位站實測潮位相吻合。另本研究建立之臺灣網格化潮位分區圖，經桃、竹、苗外海GPS浮標現場驗證結果得知，其潮位推估誤差均方根值約在10~16cm之間，符合美國工兵署水深測量手冊一等水準測量在海岸地區規範說明之潮位修正誤差門檻。此外，以該圖進行臺灣沿岸及離島潮位站之精度分析結果顯示，應盡量引用同潮位分區之潮位站數據進行潮高修正，亦應避免使用不同潮型之潮位站數據作為修正依據。
據本研究以潮位歷史資料及現場實測數據分析顯示，在進行海域水深測量作業潮高修正時，除可由本研究提出首例1分格網之臺灣海域網格化潮位分區圖為之外，更可直接以本研究研發之視窗化潮位加值模式進行海上測量作業之潮高即時修正。目前我國對海域水深測量之潮高修正尚未建立作業規範，該二作業方式不僅可提供有關單位建立海域水深測量潮高修正作業規範之參考，且在目前兩岸分治，無法以兩岸潮位站實測數據進行資料同化，建立供後處理之潮位分區圖情況下，不失為一實用、可行、有效率且準確之臺灣周遭海域水深測量潮高修正方式。

Lots of mankind activities such as harbor construction, bathymetric surveying, navigation, and fishery etc. are all considerably influenced by tidal effect. Tidal data are the tide correction basis during the bathymetric surveying in open seas and usually processed the data of tidal gauges set up along the shore or harbor areas nearby the surveying site. Since the Taiwan geographical environment, ocean tidal current been induced and influenced by the Pacific astronomical tide and the Taiwan Strait shallow water caused significant differences in tidal characteristics of inshore and offshore territorial. Therefore, tide correction procedure often arouses error due to the varied tide condition of inshore and open water at same time. Even if cooperate RTK GPS with depth sensor for depth sounding in the near shore region or utilize the GPS buoy as the ocean tide station to measure tidal data, many restricts still remained due to factors such as GPS signal reception obscured, the radio transmitting range limitation, severe sea state, weather and instrument maintenance problems.
This study cites the concept of tidal zone of the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for tide correction during depth sounding in open seas. Ocean tide model NAO99b has been applied in this research to simulate offshore tidal data of each 1' numerical grid surrounding Taiwan maritime space. IOS model then performed harmonic analysis to calculate mean range of tide (Mn) and mean high water interval (MHWI) for drawing co-range lines and co-phase lines. Co-tidal chart can be obtained by overlapping these two lines and formed tidal grid zones with which can be potentially used for tide correction by using parameters of the tide amplitude ratio and the tidal phase difference of the reference tidal station along the coast so as to improve the depth sounding accuracy and surveying quality.
The Co-tidal chart however is required a lot of manpower and time to establish correlate meta data for each tidal zone and its applications cannot correct tide timely during the sounding operation. This research develop the value-added NAO99b ocean tide model also with the Arc GIS windowing technique to simulate tidal condition simultaneously during the depth sounding or record simulated tidal data for tide correction post processing after depth sounding operation.
On-site testing has been carried out with a GPS buoy located in between Taoyuan and Miaoli maritime space to measure tidal data and result a RMS value of 10~16cm which agree with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers tide correction threshold of depth sounding. Furthermore, in order to reduce the tide estimating error, using the data of reference tidal station at the same tidal zone as a basis to estimate specific location tide would be a better choice. Data of reference tidal station of different tidal type used for tide estimating should be avoided for its fair simulations.
Tide analyzed results based on the 1' numerical grid Co-tidal chart simulating with the reference tidal station data and forecasting by the value-added NAO99b ocean tide model are all in accordance with measured record of tidal gauges along the shore and on-site GPS buoys measuring. So, these practical, efficient and accurate methods are suitable for tide correction during depth sounding around Taiwan adjacent maritime offshore at present stage and could be treated as the tide correction guide during depth sounding in open seas.

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