視覺是汽車駕駛人很重要的能力，此能力與駕駛安全息息相關，許多國家的考駕照流程皆包含視覺能力的檢驗，可見視覺對駕駛安全的重要性。影響其視覺的因素大致可分為視力、對比靈敏度、夜視力、視野、辨色力等，其中又以視野對駕駛安全的影響較大。視野是指駕駛的可見範圍，而影響視野的因素包括眼睛病變、提眼瞼肌老化以及駕駛本身之頭部運動，而在一般駕駛情境中，不論是有意識或無意識的運動，乘員所受的慣性力皆為改變頭部運動的主因，進而改變駕駛的視野，造成駕駛安全的隱患，其中一個隱患比如未注意車前狀況造成的車禍，根據我國交通部道路交通安全督導委員會統計，在近五年來肇事件數前十的肇因中，未注意車前狀況的肇事死傷率高達19%位居第一，且此肇因的肇事件數有逐年增加的趨勢，因此瞭解慣性力對於乘員頭部運動及視野的影響有其必要性。
在研究乘員在不同情境下的反應時，通常會透過人體模擬測試裝置或稱人偶(Anthropomorphic Test Device, ATD)代替乘員進行實驗，而目前的碰撞人偶(Crash Dummy)是設定在高加速度、高衝擊力的情境，其產生的反應並不適用於一般駕駛情境所產生相對較低的加速度。因此本研究開發一個慣性人偶，人偶設計參考H點人偶，並設計新的頭頸裝置，以重現一般駕駛情境的乘員姿態反應，並可以量測乘員的視野。再者人體體形會影響人體運動，本研究利用可調結構與配重，使人偶可代表三個標準體型乘員，為了驗證其生物擬真性(Biofidelity)，使用了人體測量數據、一般駕駛情境下之乘員頭部平均峰值角度進行驗證，最後與相近的真實數據進行比對，完成人偶驗證，供後續對慣性力與視野的實驗、量測與研究。

The purpose of this paper is to develop an anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to measure occupant field of view under normal driving conditions. Inertial force is one of the factors that influence the driver’s head motion which can potentially affect the driver’s field of view (FOV). The change in the driver’s FOV can lead to driving safety hazards. Furthermore, different body shapes also influence the head motion. In this study, several devices are reviewed and served as references in designing the ATD, including H-Point Machine and Head Restraint Measure Device. Adjustable mechanisms are designed so that the ATD can represent three standard forms of human occupant. Biofidelity validations are based on anthropometric data and the normalized actual response of the human occupants in three scenarios: linear acceleration, constant speed cornering, and linear deceleration. Finite element model of the ATD is established to simulate the response of the ATD in the three scenarios and the results of head tilt angles are calculated by rotation matrices. The results of the biofidelity verifications showed that the differences between the anthropometric data and the adjustable inertial ATD are within 5% tolerance and the peak angles of the ATD met the goal of average peak angles from normalized actual responses. Finally, the ATD undergoes one subject’s actual experiment condition whose height and weight are close to the ATD using the finite element model. The result shows the ATD is acceptable to represent the human occupant in normal driving conditions to measure FOV.

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