台灣的智慧型手機愈來愈普及，至2013年第一季時已成長到51%。當手機擁有者愈來愈依賴智慧型手機時，卻帶來不少的負面影響，例如：因使用手機而發生交通事故、行人因使用手機而意外墜落等事件。目前已有相關文獻發現行人行走時使用手機發生意外受傷的數量持續上升，而有關行人反應能力的相關研究仍稀少。
因此，本研究欲探討行人同一時間執行雙重任務的情境之下，對其周遭環境之情境察覺程度的影響，以及在注意力資源分散的情況下，反應能力指標及視覺偵測模式是否會有明顯的改變。期望藉由研究成果，推估人們在行走時使用不同類型的手機任務的情境察覺與心智負荷量變化。
本研究招募22名研究參與者參加實驗，進行三種不同的手機任務(閱讀、打字、圖片配對)、兩種不同的路況頻率情境(高頻率與低頻率)，5分鐘長的模擬行走實驗。實驗過程中會記錄參與者的眼動資訊、手機任務績效、反應能力指標，並利用情境察覺主觀問卷SART和心智負荷量表NASA-TLX進行綜合評估。
結果發現在三種手機任務中，閱讀測驗屬於高心智負荷量活動、打字任務次之、最低為圖片配對，其中打字任務在高低頻率間變化程度最大。而在情境察覺部分，以圖片配對最高、打字任務次之，最低則為閱讀，其中閱讀在高低頻率間變化程度最大。兩結果因此不建議行走時有大量的閱讀行為及打字的活動。由反應能力指標發現圖片配對的路況偵測時間、錯誤率為三者最佳，而其他兩個手機任務間並無差異；此外，本研究採用之路況頻率並沒有辦法呈現出路況處理的難易程度，但是從眼動指標發現行人在高低頻率間會有不同的應對策略。另由眼動指標可以發現打字任務會讓行人使用較少的周圍注意力，使得辨認環境的效率較差，不利於行人安全。

In 2013, 51% of Taiwanese have smart phones. Increasing relying on smart phones and tablet PCs could bring a lot of negative effect, (i.e. Car accidents caused by using cell phone while driving, pedestrian fallings due to using smart phone.) Some studies have shown that the number of injuries caused by using cell phone while walking are increasing, but few studies focus on pedestrian’s reaction performance on road hazard detection. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate pedestrians’ situation awareness using in dual-task paradigm, along with reaction performance in visual detection modalities modified when pedestrians’ attention is distracted by cell phone tasks. There were three cell phone tasks and two traffic frequencies. Every twenty-two participants completed all the six tested 5-min scenarios, where participants’ eye movement data, cell phone tasks performance, reaction performance, situation awareness score and mental workload were recorded examined further.
The results showed that the reading task incurred the highest mental workload, and picture matching task is the lowest one. Moreover, conducting typing task on a smartphone tended to interfere with participants’ ability to detect road events particularly in high frequency situation. In term of the results from reaction performance, shorter detection time and better reaction error rate in doing picture matching task. In addition, examining eye movement data found pedestrians adopted different strategies to deal with two traffic frequencies by using more ambient vision to detect environmental events. Furthermore, participants used lesser ambient vision while conducting typing tasks and this lead to longer corrected reaction time/detection time, lesser situation awareness, and higher mental workload. Given the study results, it is recommend that pedestrians should be more cautious of reading or typing while walking

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