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研究生：	蔡健儀 Cai, Jian-Yi
論文名稱：	脊髓損傷大白鼠其肌肉張力之生物力學及肌電訊號評估 Biomechanical and Electromyographic Analyses of Muscle Tone for Spinal Cord Injured Rats
指導教授：	陳家進 Chen, Jia-Jin Jason
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 醫學工程研究所 Institute of Biomedical Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	36
中文關鍵詞：	肌肉張力、痙攣、肌電訊號、脊髓損傷
外文關鍵詞：	Muscle tone, Spasticity, Spinal cord injury, Electromyography
相關次數：	點閱：88 下載：2
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肌肉痙攣（spasticity）為一種臨床的症狀，常發生在上運動神經元（upper motor neuron）損傷所造成的病人身上。本研究目的主要是建立一套可攜式肌肉張力評估系統（miniature manual stretching device）來測量第八節胸椎半邊脊髓損傷之大白鼠上（T8 hemisection）時間進程（time-course）的相關研究。此套可攜式肌肉張力評估系統主要利用其兩邊氣球壓力差轉為反應力矩（reactive torque）並且利用光纖角度感測器（optic device）來紀錄在五種不同頻率(1/3，1/2，1，3/2，2赫茲)下牽張大白鼠後肢所得到的資訊。利用肌肉模擬二階微分方程式模型（second-order biomechanical model），反應力矩（reactive torque）與角度位移（angle displace）可以得到大白鼠踝關節的黏性（viscous）與彈性（elastic）特質。在脊髓損傷之大白鼠踝關節，測量結果顯示痙攣的上升有隨高速牽張而增加（velocity-dependent）的情形。此外，從時間進程來看，本研究測量開刀前與開刀後兩個月的變化量，研究發現7天後，可以初步測量出痙攣性大白鼠患側較正常鼠有肌肉張力上升情形，並隨不同牽張頻率上升(1/3，1/2，1，3/2，2赫茲)下，黏性(B)及剛性(stiffness)有上升趨勢。此種趨勢跟電生理方面，測量其均方根(RMS)及振幅(amplitude)有同樣的情形。因此，對於量化肌肉張力，已有穩定的動物模型及評估系統平台，在未來能夠用來評估新的藥物或治療方法運用在痙攣性大白鼠上，使其更了解其病理學機制，並評估新方法的有效性。

Spasticity is one of clinical symptoms often seen in patients with central nerve system lesion. The purpose of this study was to establish a miniature muscle tone assessment device to quantify the time-course changes of muscle tone for animal following spinal cord injury (SCI) of T8 hemisection. The miniature manual stretching device measured the reactive torque using a pair of pressure sensing balloon and angular displacement using optic device at different stretching frequencies (1/3, 1/2, 1, 3/2 and 2 Hz). Based on the second-order biomechanical model, the reactive torque and angular displace were used to derive the viscous and elastic components to represent the viscosity and stiffness of rat’s ankle joint. The measured muscle tone increased at higher stretching velocities which indicate the velocity-dependent spasticity occurs after SCI injury in the rat model. From time-course measurements before and after 56 days following SCI, our observation showed that the muscle tone first increased and reached a peak value around postinjury 21 days and slightly decreased afterwards. The changes of muscle tone can also be verified from electrophysiological evaluations of electromyography. In conclusion, the miniaturized devices we have developed provide a method for objective quantitative biomechanical assessment of muscle tone and joint stiffness in the SCI rat. Such quantification of the time course of biomechanical changes in SCI rat has the potential to be very useful for the assessment of the effectiveness of novel treatments for SCI.

Chinese Abstract............................................................................................................i
Abstract.........................................................................................................................ii
誌謝...............................................................................................................................iii
Content.........................................................................................................................iv
List of Tables................................................................................................................vi
List of Figures.............................................................................................................vii
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................................1
1.1	Introduction to Spasticity..................................................................................1
1.2	Animal Model of Spasticity..............................................................................3
1.2.1 Spinal cord contusion models....................................................................3
      1.2.2 Spinal cord transection models.................................................................3
1.3	Evaluation of Spasticity in Animal Model.......................................................4
1.3.1 Biomechanical approach...........................................................................4
1.3.2 Electrophysiological approach..................................................................5
1.4	The Aim of the Study........................................................................................5

Chapter 2 Materials and Methods..............................................................................8
    2.1 Miniature Muscle Tone Assessment Device.....................................................8
2.1.1 Biomechanical measurement of spasticity.................................................8
      2.1.2 EMG recording..........................................................................................9
    2.2 Experimental Designs.....................................................................................11
2.2.1 Subjects....................................................................................................11
2.2.2 Surgical procedures.................................................................................11
    2.3 Behavioral Testing..........................................................................................12
    2.4 Time course Assessment of the Rat................................................................12
2.5 Data Analysis..................................................................................................12
      2.5.1 Quantification analysis...........................................................................12
      2.5.2 EMG signal processing...........................................................................14
2.5.3 BBB scores..............................................................................................14
      2.5.4 Statistical analysis...................................................................................14

Chapter 3 Results.......................................................................................................16
    3.1 Processing Results for Biomechanical Signals..............................................16
3.1.1 Hysteresis loops at five different stretch frequencies..............................16
3.1.2 Viscoelastic assessment in time course measurement............................16
    3.2 EMG Signal Processing.................................................................................23
    3.3 BBB Scores....................................................................................................23

Chapter 4 Discussions and Conclusions...................................................................28

References...................................................................................................................32

List of Tables
Table 1: Summary of the previous studies.....................................................................7
Table 2: Summary of the normal and spastic groups data............................................27

List of Figures
Figure 1: Illustration of the mechanism of the stretch reflex.........................................2
Figure 2: Illustration of quantitative muscle tone assessment system..........................10
Figure 3: Typical examples of reactive and displacement measurement stretched at
         five different stretch frequencies in normal and spastic rat........................17
Figure 4: Typical examples of hysteresis loops plot at five different stretch frequencies 
         in time course measurement.......................................................................18
Figure 5: The mean of the viscous component in normal and spastic groups..............20
Figure 6: The mean of the stiffness and viscosity in normal and spastic groups.........22
Figure 7: 6 sinusoidal stretching cycles combine with EMG in normal and spastic 
groups.........................................................................................................24
Figure 8: The ratio of RMS stretch reflex to the baseline activity...............................25
Figure 9: The BBB locomotor scales in normal and spastic groups............................26
                                    

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校內：2009-07-30公開
校外：2009-07-30公開

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