近年來，世界各國均開始注重產品的回收再生，例如歐盟頒布的WEEE與RoHS指令，規定必須回收的電子電器項目與禁用的物質。我國也繼此一世界趨勢相繼宣佈廢容器、廢汽、機車、廢家電產品及廢電腦的強制回收再生。由於世界的潮流愈來愈講究產品的延長責任，對於產品的製造商與設計者而言，其廢棄的產品如何回收、再生以及其成本效益，將愈來愈受重視。本研究針對此一需求，運用了人工智慧中的案例式推理法，建立了協助決策者作產品再生策略選擇的模式，並利用工程經濟計算方法、案例式推理法、專家判斷與廠商經驗，建立產品執行再生策略時相關的成本效益評估的模式。為了讓決策者可以快速得到評估的結果，本研究撰寫電腦程式將此模式系統化，所建立之系統內包含了廢電子電器回收相關資訊的資料庫，如：回收廠商的資訊、回收技術的資訊以及二次料市場價格的資訊等等，利用這些資訊，配合再生策略選擇與成本效益評估模式，可以對一個電子電器產品的回收作一個較為完整的評估。本研究所發展之模式與系統，期望能協助我國廠商，對於產品廢棄之後的再生策略與管理有所幫助，甚或回饋給產品設計者與製造商，藉由參考評估之結果，設計出更有益於環境之產品。

　　Due to worldwide stricter regulations on end-of-life product recycling, evaluation of various products’ recyclability has become important. Evaluation of recycling cost, benefit of reclaimed materials and general recyclability is essential for product designers as well as recycling agents. This study tries to construct an intelligent evaluation system that incorporates artificial intelligence, database management and mathematical models for electronic product recycling evaluation. The artificial intelligence techniques include case-based reasoning method and expert system, while database contains unit operation cost, fixed cost, disassembly cost, unit prices of reclaimed materials, and disposal fee. The proposed evaluation system can be used as either a module of design for recycling in product eco-design evaluation or an independent evaluation tool for recycling cost and benefit analysis.

外文部分

1. Aha, D. W., “The Omnipresence of Case-based Reasoning in Science and Application,” Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol.11 pp. 261-273 (1998).
2. Bain, W., “Case-based Reasoning: A Computer Model of Subjective ASSESSMENT,” PH.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science, Yale University (1986).
3. Basdere, B. and Seliger, G., “Disassembly Factories for Electrical and Electronic Products To Recover Resources in Product and Material Cycles,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 37, Iss. 23, pp. 5354-5362 (2003).
4. Bergmann, R., Breen, S., Goker, M., Manago, M. and Wess, S., “Developing Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Applications,” Springer-Verlag, Germany, pp. 23-34 (1999).
5. Boothroyd, G. and Dewhurst, P., “Product Design for Assembly,” Boothroyd and Dewhurst, Inc., Wakefield (1991).
6. Bras, B. and Hammond, R., “Design for Remanufacturing Metrics,” Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Reuse, (S. D. Flapper and A. J. de Ron eds.), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp.5-22 (1996).
7. Burkhard, H. D., “Similarity and Distance in Case Based Reasoning,” Fundamenta Informaticae, Vol. 47, pp. 201-215 (2001).
8. Chen, R. W., Chandra, D. N. and Prinz, F., “Product Design for Recyclability: A Cost Benefit Analysis Model and its Application,” 1993 IEEE International Symposium on electronics and the Environment, pp.178-183, (1993).
9. Dong, J. and Arndt, G., “A Review of current research on disassembly sequence generation and computer aided design for disassembly,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 217, pp. 299-312 (2003).
10. Feldmann, K., Trautner, S., Lohrmann, H. and Melzer, K., “Computer-based product structure analysis for technical goods regarding optimal end-of-life strategies,” Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 215, pp. 684-693 (2001).
11. Ganesan, K., Khoshgoftaar, T. M. and Allen, E. B., “Cased-Based Software Quality Prediction,” International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 139-152 (2000).
12. Goggin, K. and Browne, J., “Electronic products recovery—PAWS, a BRITE-EURAM project,” Computers in Industry, Vol. 36, pp. 65-74 (1998).
13. Goodman, M., “PRISM: A Case-based Telex Classifier,” Cognitive System Inc.（1990）.
14. Gungor, A. and Gupta, S. M., “An Evaluation Methodology For Disassembly Process,” Computers and industrial engineering, Vol. 33, pp.329-332 (1997).
15. Gupta, K. M. and Montazemi, A. R., “Empirical Evaluation of Retrieval in Case-Based Reasoning Systems Using Modified Cosine Matching Function,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 601-612 (1997).
16. Haque, B. U., Belecheanu, R. A., Barson, R. J. and Pawar, K. S., “Towards the application of case based reasoning to decision-making in concurrent product development (concurrent engineering),” Knowledge-Based System, Vol. 13, pp. 101-112 (2002).
17. Hiroshige, Y., Nishi, T. and Ohashi, T., “Recyclability Evaluation Method (REM) and Its Applications,” IEEE, pp. 315-320 (2001).
18. Huisman, J., Stevels, A. and Stobbe, I., “Eco-Efficiency Considerations on the End-of-Life of Consumer Electronic Products,” forthcoming, IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging and Manufacturing (2004).
19. Hula, A., Jalali, K., Hamza, K., Skerlos, S. J., and Saitou, K., “Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Optimization of Product Disassembly under Multiple Situations,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 37, Iss. 23, pp. 5303-5313 (2003).
20. Koiranen, T., Virkki-Hatakka, T., Kraslawski, A. and Nystrom, L., “Hybrid, fuzzy and neural adaptation in case-based reasoning system for process equipment selection,” Computer and Chemical. Engineering, Vol. 22, pp. S977-S1000 (1998).
21. Kolodner, J., “Case-Based Reasoning,” Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. (1993).
22. Kolodner, J. and Simpson, R. L., “The MEDIATOR: Analysis of an early case-based problem solver,” Cognitive Science, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 507-549 (1989).
23. Koton, P., “Using Experience in Learning and Problem Solving,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science, MIT (1989).
24. Krikke, H. R., Harten, A. V. and Schuur, P. C., “Business case Roteb: recovery strategies for monitors,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 36, pp. 739-757 (1999).
25. Kwong, C. K., Smith, G. F., and Lau, W. S., “Application of Case Based Reasoning in Injection Moulding,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 63 pp. 463-467 (1997).
26. Lee, S. G., Lye, S. W. and Khoo, M. K., “A Multi-Objective Methodology for Evaluating Product End-of-Life Options and Disassembly,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 18, pp.148-156 (2001)
27. Linton, J., “Electronic Products at Their End-of-Life: Options and Obstacles,” Journal of Electronics Manufacturing, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 29-40 (1999).
28. Mok, H. S., Kim, H. J. and Moon, K. S., “Disassemblability of mechanical parts in automobile for recycling,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 33, pp. 621-624 (1997).
29. Mukhopadhyay, T., Vicinanza, S. S. and Prietula, M. J., “Examining the Feasibility of a Case-Based Reasoning Model for Software Effort Estimation,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 12, Iss. 2, pp. 155-171 (1992).
30. Paek, Y. K., Seo, J. and Kim, G. C., “An expert system with case-based reasoning for database schema design,” Decision Support Systems, Vol. 18, pp. 83-95 (1996).
31. Riesbeck, C. K. and Schank, R. C., “Inside Case-Based Reasoning,” Hillsdale, IL, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (1989).
32. Rios, P., Stuart, J. A., and Grant, E., “Plastics Disassembly versus Bulk Recycling: Engineering Design for End-of-Life Electronics Resource Recovery,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 37, Iss. 23, pp. 5463-5470 (2003).
33. Rose, C. M., Masui, K. and Ishii, K., “How Product Characteristics Determine End-of-life Strategies,” IEEE International Symposium for Electronics and the Environment Conference, Chicago, Illinois (1998).
34. Rose, C. M., “Design for Environment: A Method for Formulating Product End-of-Life Strategies,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford, Stanford University (2000).
35. Rose, C. M. and Ishii, K., “Product End-of-Life Strategy Categorization Design Tool,” Journal of Electronics Manufacturing, Vol. 9, No. 1 pp. 41-51 (1999).
36. Schank, R. C. and Abelson, R. P., “Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding,” Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale N.J. (1977).
37. Shi, X. and Yeh, A. G. O., “The Integration of Case-Based systems and GIS in Develop Control,” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 26, pp. 345-364 (1999).
38. Stevels, A. and Boks, C., “The Lasting Advantages of Disassembly Analysis: Benchmarking Applications in the Electronics Industry,” Proceedings of Going Green, Vienna (2002).
39. Stutz, M., Lichtenvort, K. and Pflieger, J., “greeen – Cost Management System for Greening Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Methodology Development and Case Studies,” Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on EcoBalance, Japan (2002).
40. Veerakamolmal, P. and Gupta, S. M., “A Case-Based Reasoning approach for automating disassembly process planning,” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol. 13, pp. 47-60 (2002).
41. Virkki, H. T., Kraslawski, A., Koiranen, T. and Nystrom, L., “Adaption phase in case-based reasoning system for process equipment selection,” Computer and Chemical. Engineering, Vol. 21, pp. S643-S648 (1997).
42. Yang, J. B. and Yau, N. J., “Integrating Case-Based Reasoning and Expert System Techniques for Solving Experience-Oriented Problems,” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 83-95 (2000).
43. Zeid, I., Gupta, S. M. and Bardasz, T., “A case-based reasoning approach to planning for disassembly,” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol. 8, pp.97-106 (1997).
44. Zhang, H. C., Yu, Y., Jin, K., Ling, F. F. and Barnes, D., “A Decision-Making Model for Materials Management of End-of-Life Electronic Products,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 19, No.2, pp. 94-107 (2000).
45. Zhang, H. C. and Kuo, T. C., “A Graph-based Disassembly Sequence Planning for EOL Product Recycling,” Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium, 1997., Twenty-First IEEE/CPMT International, pp. 140-151 (1997).
46. 市川芳明，「環境適合設計の実際」，オ－ム社出版局，東京 (2001)

中文部分

1. 王瀅琇，「國際廢電子電機設備WEEE回收處理策略之探討(上) 」，電子檢測與品管，92年1月，P.56-62
2. 王瀅琇，「國際廢電子電機設備WEEE回收處理策略之探討(下) 」，電子檢測與品管，92年4月，P.68-73
3. 行政院環保署，「廢電子電器物品（四機）處理後各類材料之資源回收市場及應用情形之分析專案工作計畫期中報告」，89年
4. 行政院環保署，「廢映像管之各類材質處理再利用技術評估及輔導推廣作業專案工作計畫期中報告」，90年
5. 行政院環保署，「廢電子電器物品納入資源回收體系之優選方案分析－期末報告」，90年
6. 吳俊男，「類神經網路於產品壽命終了時之處理策略分析及產品在使用設計改善之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學機械工程學系，台南，91年
7. 何楝國，「案例式農村規劃支援系統之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學都市計劃學系，台南，85年
8. 林敬智、王壬、翁啟超，「由國際環保規範檢視資訊產品可回收之設計」，永續產業發展雙月刊，93年3月，P. 35-42
9. 施勵行，「資源再生與永續性社會」，俊傑書局，台北，91年
10. 施勵行，「廢電子電器資源回收及產品照顧責任之發展」，永續產業資訊，90年2月，P.69-78
11. 翁志超，「廢碳粉匣拆解及再生之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源工程學系，台南，88年
12. 孫書煌，「以案例為基礎推理模式之電腦輔助夾具定位設計方法」，博士論文，國立成功大學機械工程學系，台南，85年
13. 郭天耀，「以案例式推理作生產力診斷」，碩士論文，國立成功大學工業管理學系，台南，89年
14. 郭炳宏、黃弘毅，「案例式推理法應用於產品開發知識整合之研究—以產品設計概念發展階段為例」，2001年科技與管理學術研討會論文集，90年
15. 曹綉綺，「廢行動電話資源再生策略及其評估之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源工程學系，台南，90年
16. 陳嘉偉，「消費性產品資源回收體系規劃之網路決策支援系統—以廢電器與廢資訊產品為例」，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源工程學系，台南，89年
17. 陳佩嵐，「廢四機一腦資源再生材料之品質管理」，大專生參與專題研究計畫，國立成功大學資源工程學系，台南，90年
18. 陳順宇，「多變量分析」，華泰書局，台北，89年7月
19. 梁定澎，「決策支援系統與企業智慧」，智勝文化，台北，91年9月
20. 張學聖，「案例式土地開發規劃支援系統案例尋回之研究—以工商綜合區為例」，博士論文，國立成功大學都市計劃學系，台南，88年
21. 黃璿彬，「整合生命週期評估與成本模式的綠色產品設計方法之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學機械工程學系，台南，89年
22. 溫麗琪，「廢資訊物品回收清除處理費費率之訂定」，行政院環保署，89年12月
23. 蔡尚林、黃國輝，「四機一腦高科技廢棄物資源化技術介紹」，化工技術，90年1月，P. 178-189
24. 蔡博文、許家成，「智慧型地理資訊系統的發展－案例式推理的結合」，地理學報，89年12月，P. 17-26
25. 楊振興，「應用案例式推理建構機車維修管理系統」，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學生產系統工程與管理研究所，台北，91年
26. 詹國良，「案例式推理於信用評等決策之輔助應用」，碩士論文，國立成功大學工業管理研究所，台南，91年
27. 賴建如，「廢日光燈資源回收之輔助規劃系統－以台南市東區為例」，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源工程學系，台南，91年
28. 魏國章，「以案例式推理作創投之投資決策評估系統」，碩士論文，國立成功大學工業管理科學學系，台南，92年
29. 蕭碧茹、洪振方，「案例式推理與科學教學」，物理教育，89年7月，P.57-74
30. 藍元伯，「廢家電資源再生績效指標之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源工程學系，台南，90年

網站部分

1. GREEEN網站http://www.greeen.it/
2. Hitachi網站http://www.ecoassist.com/
3. 資源化工業網http://www.iw-recycling.org.tw/
4. 環保署基管會網站http://recycle.epa.gov.tw/
5. 環保產業資訊網http://www.environet.org.tw/