2030永續發展目標（Sustainable Development Goals）旨在2030年透過17項目標來實現全球永續發展的計劃，這些目標可以大致分為社會、經濟和環境三個類別。在社會面，聯合國致力於消除貧困、飢餓和提高教育品質等社會問題；在經濟方面，聯合國積極促進就業和經濟成長，並推廣可負擔能源等經濟議題；在環境方面，聯合國採取環境保護行動，以應對氣候變化所帶來的陸地和海洋生態浩劫。
從相關文獻可發現，過去的研究多針對經濟、社會、環境三個面向中的其中一到兩個面向進行研究。而本研究將專注於17個目標中的Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being)、Goal 4 (Quality Education)、Goal 8 (Decent Work And Economic Growth)、Goal 13 (Climate Action)四個目標進行研究，分類為經濟、醫療和環境以及教育階段效率三大類型，以找出在歐洲發展最全面和具有最好的永續性的國家。本研究使用Three parallel dynamic two-stage SBM-DEA model探索27個歐洲國家自2015年到2019年以來在經濟、醫療和環境、教育三個方面的效率變化。總結來說，本研究結果可歸納如下：
1. 歐洲國家在研究期間的平均總效率為0.75，其中荷蘭與葡萄牙在研究期間效率呈現遞增狀態，反應其永續發展效率持續提升。
2. 在大多數國家中，經濟階段效率表現良好的前提下，醫療和環境階段效率也會有更好的效率表現。
3. 愛爾蘭、盧森堡和立陶宛在經濟、醫療與環境及教育階段效率均優於歐洲各國平均，是所有國家中發展最平衡且最具永續發展效率的國家。

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are committed to solving sustainable issues that are constantly emerging in the world today, such as climate change, economic growth and social equality. At that time, 193 countries had agreed to strive to achieve 17 goals of the SDGs by 2030.
Previous research has mainly focused on one or two of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. However, this study will focus on four of the 17 goals, namely Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being), Goal 4 (Quality Education), Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and Goal 13 (Climate Action), and classify them into three categories: economic stage efficiency, health and environmental efficiency, and education stage efficiency. The aim is to identify the most comprehensive and sustainable countries in Europe.
This study uses Three parallel dynamic two-stage SBM-DEA model to explore the efficiency changes in the three aspects of economy, healthcare and environment, and education in 27 European countries from 2015 to 2019. The research result shows: 1) The average overall efficiency of European countries during the study period was 0.75, with the efficiency of the Netherlands and Portugal showing an increasing trend, reflecting their continuous improvement in sustainable development efficiency. 2) Economic stage efficiency is positively correlated with healthcare and environmental stage efficiency in most countries. 3) Ireland, Luxembourg, and Lithuania all have efficiency levels in the economic, healthcare, environmental, and educational stages that are superior to the European average. They are the most balanced and sustainable development efficient countries among all countries.

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