溫度對於變溫動物來說可能是一個決定性別的因素之一，隨著近年來極端氣候加劇，高低溫差距也越來越明顯，將可能對野生石斑魚的生存及台灣石斑魚產業造成衝擊。為了研究溫度對於石斑魚性腺發育的影響，合適的生殖細胞追蹤標誌是不可或缺的工具，故本研究中首先選殖了Vasa及Piwi兩個基因作為生殖細胞標記，探討石斑魚在正常的溫度下原生殖細胞遷移、生殖腺發育及雌雄性腺的特性，以作為實驗低溫及高溫時的標準對照。在多數硬骨魚中，Vasa只在生殖細胞系表現，從早期發育及性腺分化過程的表達差異可以認為Vasa在生殖細胞分裂的過程中扮演重要的角色，而Piwi是Argonaute蛋白家族的其中一類，在脊椎動物的生殖細胞中特異表現，其表觀遺傳作用可能揭示魚類生殖腺生長及分化的過程。本研究透過分析在低溫及高溫下對石斑魚生殖細胞及性腺發育的影響，可以提供線索給未來氣候變遷時進行石斑魚進行永續繁養及育種的對策。

Temperature can be one of the sex determination factors for poikilotherm. With the intensification of extreme climate in recent years, the high and low temperatures also become distinct. This may cause serious problem for survival of wild groupers and grouper aquaculture industry in Taiwan. To study the temperature effects to gonad development in grouper, proper germ cell tracing markers are necessary tools. Therefore, in this study, Vasa and Piwi are cloned as germ cell tracing markers to characterize the ontology of primordial germ cells (PGCs), gonad formation and male/ female gonad under normal temperature as a standard control for experimental high or low temperature. In most teleost, Vasa gene is specific to express in germ cell lineage, and different expression profiles of Vasa transcripts have been investigated during early development and sex differentiation. Piwi proteins are also reported to specifically expressed in germ cells, which play potential roles in maintaining germ cell development and epigenetic modification for spermatogenesis. This study focus on the low or high temperature effects to germ cell and gonad development in grouper, which may provide evidence for grouper sustainable conservation and brook stock when the era of extreme climate hits.

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