人類紅白血病 (human erythroleukemia，HEL)細胞經過PMA處理之後會分化成為類單核球/巨噬細胞之貼壁細胞。過去實驗室研究發現，在PMA處理HEL細胞之後，加入IP致效劑 BMY45778會改變PMA誘導HEL分化的型態，產生棘狀細胞樣的(Dendrytic cell-like, DC)分化。經由表面抗原分析實驗得知，IP 致效劑增加棘狀細胞專一性標誌CD83以及HLA-DR的表現；而在功能分析中也顯示，HEL細胞經過 PMA 處理過後加入IP致效劑 BMY45778，其吞噬能力下降，而刺激 T 細胞增生的能力增加，這是棘狀細胞的特色。然而棘狀細胞標誌表現量與促進T細胞增生的的幅度很少，推測IP致效劑誘導分化的棘狀細胞為未成熟的棘狀細胞( immature dendritic cell, iDC )。
因此我們便有興趣去了解如何使未成熟 DC 變成成熟 DC (mature DC)，去建立一個階段性誘導 DC 分化的模型。經由文獻得知，鈣離子的訊息傳遞對於棘狀細胞的成熟扮演著重要的角色。因此我們進一步使用 calcium ionophore (CI )，A23187來促進細胞內鈣離子增加，去觀察對於 DC 細胞成熟的影響。從細胞型態來看，在處理 IP 致效劑三天後加入CI 會使細胞突觸更明顯增加，增強細胞貼附性質的型態；然而在PMA處理後的HEL細胞加入IP致效劑誘導未成熟的DC分化時，並沒有偵測到鈣離子的流入。進一步去分析表面抗原，得知 CI 會明顯促進 CD83、HLA-DR 表現，並會更進一步抑制細胞吞噬FITC- BSA的能力，但是不影響經由接受體所媒介的吞噬FITC- dextran作用。我們認為 CI 可以透過促進IP誘導未成熟的DC細胞其CD83、HLA-DR的表現增加，抑制巨細胞吞噬作用進而促進其成熟化，雖然CI對於接受體吞噬作用沒有影響。因此HEL細胞在PMA投予之後可以分化成為單核球/巨噬細胞，IP致效劑可進一步促進細胞分化成為未成熟的DC細胞，而我們可能可以利用CI誘導DC細胞成熟幫助我們去建立一個階段性分化成為成熟DC細胞的研究模型。

HEL (Human erythroleukemia cels) cells differentiated into monocytic/macrophage- like cells after PMA treatment. In our previous studies, we found that IP receptor agonists BMY45778 promoted the morphology change with dendritic cell (DC) -like differentiation in PMA treated HEL cells. Surface marker analysis of these dendritic- like cells showed that IP agonists increased DC-associated markers, CD83 and HLA-DR expression. In functional analysis, IP agonists downregulated the phagocytotic activity on PMA treated HEL cells and stimulated T-cell proliferation, which are characteristic of dendritic cells. However, according to the low DC surface marker expression and T cell proliferation activity, we suggested that IP agonists induced immature DC differentiation from PMA treated HEL cells.
Therefore we were interested in induction of immature DC maturation, and it may provide us a stepwise model system to study DC differentiation and maturation. Calcium signaling plays an important role in DC maturation. In order to establish a stepwise DC maturation model, we used A23187, a calcium ionophore (CI) which increased intracellular calcium, to study the effect of calcium on immature DC. After treatment of IP agonists for three days and CI for one day, CI promoted morphology change of hair-like cytoplasmic projection and increased adhesion cells. However, we did not detect any calcium influx after IP agonists were added in PMA treated HEL cells to induce immature DC differentiation. Moreover, CI obviously increased cell-surface CD83, HLA-DR expression, inhibited macropinocytosis activity of FITC- BSA, but has no effect on receptor- mediated phagocytosis of FITC-dextran. In conclusion, we suggested that CI could induce IP derived immature DC maturation by obviously increasing DC specific marker CD83, HLA-DR expression and inhibiting macropinocytosis activity without interfering with receptor- mediated phagocytosis. Therefore HEL cells differentiated into monocytic/macrophage like cells after PMA treatment, and IP agonists induced monocytic/macrophage like cells differentiate into immature DC. We may use CI to promote immature DC maturation and provided us a stepwise differentiation and maturation model of dendritic cells.

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