本論文研究主旨在於，利用簡單的方法合成出具有高比表面積、不同孔洞性質及粒徑尺度之氧化矽孔洞材料及氧化鐵/氧化矽複合材料，藉由其孔洞性質及粒徑尺度之不同，可實際應用於各個領域中(如：除溼材料、二氧化碳吸附材料等)，另外，在無有機模板的條件下，發展出反滴定之合成手法，可製備出具高比表面積且高分散度之鐵矽酸鹽孔洞材料，並應用在實際的煉油產業廢水處理。
藉由各種實驗參數之調控（例如：水熱溫度、水熱時間以及鍛燒溫度）可合成出具有高比表面積且不同孔洞性質及表面性質之氧化矽孔洞材料，氧化矽孔洞材料之比表面積是影響吸附量的重要因素，而其孔洞大小及表面的親疏水性是影響水氣吸附速率的關鍵，越小的孔洞及越親水性之表面能有較快的水氣吸附速率，但也因此需較高的溫度才能將水完全脫附，並不利於藉由易取得之太陽能熱源將其再生的目標。所以需選擇具高比表面積且適宜的孔洞大小及表面性質之氧化矽孔洞材料作為除溼材料。除了吸附效能，在實際應用上亦須考量其穩定性，而本研究所合成之氧化矽孔洞材料，雖然在常態下放置長時間其比表面積有明顯下降的現象，然而其吸附量下降幅度卻不大，約15-20%，表示在吸水效能上能具有良好之穩定性。另外，單純的氧化矽孔洞材料對二氧化碳吸附效果並不佳，藉由加入氧化鐵合成氧化鐵/二氧化矽複合材料能明顯提升對二氧化碳之吸附效果。
除了控制氧化矽孔洞材料之微觀性質(孔洞性質)，亦可藉由不同的反應條件調控氧化矽孔洞材料巨觀上的性質-粒徑尺度，改變反應pH值及矽酸鈉濃度能製備出不同粒徑大小之氧化矽孔洞材料，而使用不同酸源以及不同種類的明膠有機模板，會因陰離子可能伴隨的鹽析效應及不同種類的明膠有機模板等電點不同，進而影響合成的氧化矽孔洞材料之粒徑尺度，此外，在本研究中發展出兩種合成手法，對於氧化矽孔洞材料粒徑尺度並無太大影響，能根據實際應用時之情況選擇適用的方法。
最後，本研究亦改良實驗室先前合成金屬矽酸鹽材料的共沉澱法及剝蝕法，本研究發展出不需經高溫水熱處理且合成手法簡單之反滴定法製備具有高比表面積且分散性佳的矽酸鐵孔洞材料，實際應用在氨氮廢液中，對於氨氮的移除具有良好的效果，而氨氮廢液中除了氨氮汙染外亦含有鄰甲酚有機汙染物，利用本實驗室合成之生物炭可有效移除廢液中的鄰甲酚污染物，另外，直接以反滴定法製備高Fe/Si之F矽酸鐵孔洞材料，具有比表面積下降且孔洞性質改變之現象，故本研究利用另一種合成手法-多重塗佈法，在提高Fe/Si莫耳比之情形下，合成出孔洞性質並不隨之改變之矽酸鐵孔洞材料。

This study develops three kinds of porous materials, namely porous silica, iron supported on porous silica, and iron-silicate. Microscopically, the pore and surface properties of the porous silica are tunable by adjusting the pH value, hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal processing time, and calcination temperature. The porous silica with different pore and surface properties can be used in various applications, such as adsorbents for water and CO2 to reduce humidity and the greenhouse effect. As the pore size of the porous silica decreases and the surface becomes more hydrophilic, the adsorption rate of water increases. However, the water desorption temperature also increases. Consequently, the energy consumed to recycle the porous silica for reuse rises and the process becomes non-ecofriendly. Therefore, the pore size and surface property of the porous silica should carefully controlled. The synthesized porous silica demonstrates a high water adsorption performance of 23 wt.% after storage in air for half a year. Furthermore, macroscopically, the particle size of the porous silica can be controlled by adjusting the pH value and the concentration of the sodium silicate used in the synthesis process. The types of polymer used as organic templates for the porous silica and the acid solution used to adjust the pH value are also factors in determining the particle size of the synthesized porous silica due to the different isoelectric points of the polymers and the salting out effect produced by the anions from the acids. In addition to pure porous silica, iron nitrate is used to synthesize FeOx/SiO2 material and iron-silicate material. The FeOx/SiO2 material shows a high adsorption efficiency for CO2 compared to the pure porous silica. Moreover, the iron-silicate material synthesized under the optimal reaction conditions can be used for the treatment of wastewater containing ammonia-nitrogen pollutant.

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