| 研究生: |
陳貞蓉 Chen, Chen-Jung |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
社會情境下的同理心狀態初探:同理心的使用與人際互動效應 Empathic Status in Situations:An Investigation into the Utilization of Empathy |
| 指導教授: |
胡中凡
Hu, Jon-Fan |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 心理學系 Department of Psychology |
| 論文出版年: | 2019 |
| 畢業學年度: | 107 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 119 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 同理心 、社會情境 、社會分享 、道德情緒 、情緒辨識 、情緒覺察 、內外團體 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Empathy, Social condition, Social sharing, Moral empathy, emotion recognition, emotional awareness, ingruop, outgroup |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:150 下載:31 |
| 分享至: |
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人類行為多半是基於人與人之間的互動而形成,而同理心則是促使我們產生有效互動的關鍵角色之一(Mahayana et al., 2014)。同理心是每個人與生俱來皆有的能力,定義為一種可以體驗並理解他人感覺的能力,因此在良好的社會適應、人際互動關係中扮演著重要的角色。過去研究常用傳統自陳式量表測量同理心,使用的問題大多為詢問過去經驗,以此找出個人當下的同理心程度,而這種測量方式容易因為個人記憶的能力而有所出入,且受試者也會為了符合社會期待而有高估實際狀況的回答,雖然皆有從認知或內涵等不同分類角度介入,依然難以測出最貼近社會互動情境中的同理心狀態。本研究將過去對同理心的定義融合並重新分類,分成兩種:穩定型且近似特質的經驗型同理心與隨情境彈性變動的工具型同理心,本研究假設傳統量表測得的同理心不同於社會情境下反應的同理心。共執行三個實驗,實驗一以社會分享(social sharing)的有無作為人際互動不同的實驗操弄,2(高/低經驗型同理心)X2(實驗組/對照組)受試者間設計,研究結果顯示經驗型同理心為穩定不變的特質,但社會分享的操弄看不出工具型同理心明顯變動。實驗二為一個受者間,兩個受試者內,2(高/低經驗型同理心)X2(正負向表情情緒)X3(三類情境)的混合設計,結果發現三因子間有交互作用,不同程度同理心判斷情緒時,在受情境的影響上有明顯差異。實驗三同樣為一個受者間,兩個受試者內,2(高/低經驗型同理心)X2(正負向情緒)X 2(內外團體)的混合設計,結果發現三因子間雖然無交互作用,但不同程度同理心在對內外團體對象時依然有不同的同理表現。綜合以上結論可以發現個體在社會情境下反應出來的同理心確實有別於一開始自陳式量表測量出的同理心狀態。透過本研究的社會情境操弄,在結果中看見高、低經驗型同理心具體的異同之處,作為工具型同理心的依據。為往後預測高、低經驗型同理心的社會反應設立新的參考標準之外,也為後續相關研究提供新的同理心概念理解。
This research is aimed to study the differences of empathy status between the result from traditional test and social conditions. Try to distinguish Empirical Empathy and Utalizational Empathy and find the most real empathic status under different social conditions with different social characters.
Participants were divided into High Empirical Empathy and Low Empirical Empathy groups by the score of The Empathy Quotient. All of them were asked to finish different scale and trail with stimuli elements which are related to social sharing, emotions, moral/unmoral situations and in-and-out group interpersonal relationship respectively in 3 experiments of this research.
The findings indicated that different status of empathy measured in questionnaire might be determined the emotion judgments under the contexts where other social cues are presented. Therefore, the reconsideration for the nature of empathy in theories is needed for further investigation.
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