隨著汽車的改善及其便利性，汽車已成為現代人最重要的交通工具之一。然而隨著汽車數量的增加，車禍事故也相形提高。車禍常常會使人受傷或造成嚴重的傷害，且行人死亡在因車禍而喪生數目中佔有很大比例，因此有必要改善行人安全。本研究將以多體動力學為基礎，建立一行人電腦模型，以了解行人碰撞時其對行人安全之影響。

　　行人模型主要改進的地方是其生物真實性，因此生物驗證資料是必需的。本研究採用大體資料來驗證，驗證的資料有頭的速度以及頭、骨盆、膝蓋、腳關節軌跡。另外，頭部的加速度值也在驗證參考中。模擬過程主要是靠遞迴法，藉由反覆的過程來得到具生物真實性之模型。此外，在碰撞模擬當中也探討了行人可能受到的傷害及相關準則以了解行人傷害狀況。基於新修改的模型及傷害準則將可進ㄧ步探討行人安全。

　　首先探討的為車輛型式，該部份使用了轎車、休旅車、箱型車，並做了行人之運動及動態分析。然後基於這些結果，探討行人傷害狀況。因為碰撞時車輛與行人之各部位間會彼此影響。因此再度探討車輛參數對行人安全之相關性，車輛參數包含保險桿、引擎罩、擋風玻璃之接觸特性。另外，行人與車輛之摩擦係數也在研究範圍中。

　　最後，本研究藉由行人之動態及運動分析並結合行人傷害準則加以探討及了解行人傷害與車輛之間的相關性。且基於這些結果以得知行人與車輛之影響。並希冀本研究能協助降低或減輕行人傷害及社會成本。

　As automotive vehicles improved and more convenient, they have become one of important transportation tools for modern people. While the use of automobile increases, the accidents could become more frequent. Automobile accidents normally would cause injuries to human or might have a serious consequence. Among accidental causalities due to vehicle crash, pedestrian fatalities constitute a large portion. Therefore, there is a need to improve the pedestrian safety. In this thesis, a newly modified computer pedestrian model by using multi-body dynamics has been developed to help the study of the safety for pedestrian impact.

　In order to improve the biofidelity of the model, the biomechanical requirements are needed. In the study, a set of biomechanical corridors developed from a series of post mortem human subject (PMHS) tests are utilized for validation. They contain the trajectories of head, pelvis, knee, and foot and the resultant velocity of head. In addition, the acceleration of head is used as a secondary reference. By using recursive approach, a more biofidelic computer pedestrian model can be obtained. Besides, the possible injuries and the criterion to determine the injuries for pedestrian during accidents are studied. Based on this new model and the injury criterion, the further studies for pedestrian safety can be employed.

　The first study carries out the influence of vehicle type for pedestrian safety. Three major types of cars, sedan, sport utility vehicle (SUV), and 1-box vehicle, are used. The responses in kinematics and dynamics are described. Based on the results, the possible injuries for pedestrian are discussed. Since the nature of direct impact, the interacting properties between pedestrian segments and vehicle components play an important role for pedestrian impact. Therefore, the second study in the thesis is to discuss the sensitivities of the interacting characteristics, which include contact function and friction. The parametric studies for the contact proprieties of bumper, hood, and windscreen are conducted. In addition, the friction coefficient between pedestrian segments and vehicle is studies parametrically as well.

　Finally, kinematics and dynamics of pedestrian combined with injury criterion are discussed. The tendency of pedestrian injury due to the change of the interacting characteristics is summarized. Based on the results, the pedestrian-vehicle interaction could be understood. It might be helpful to reduce or prevent this kind of injury and societal loss due to pedestrian accident

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