本研究之主要目的，在於設計一新型的車輛安全座椅機構，對於駕駛者在後撞事故中容易引發的頸部傷害具有降低其風險的效果。頸部鞭甩傷害事後撞車禍事故中所引起各類傷害的其中一種，此種傷害對於乘客的致死率極低，但具有潛伏期長、併發症多的特性導致此種傷害耗費個人及社會成本甚鉅。在後撞車禍事故中，若座椅無法提供相關的保護措施會導致乘員頸部因為頸椎鞭甩傷害而受創，因此一個具有適當防護效果的車輛安全座椅對於防護頸椎鞭甩傷害有關鍵性的影響。

本研究主要利用摩擦式阻尼作為汽車安全座椅機構的主要減速及啟動機構，利用摩擦式阻尼及桿件外型設計來設計出一個新型具有防護頸部鞭甩效果之安全座椅，增加目前可供參考之安全座椅機構類型以供日後在相關的安全座椅設計進行參考。

本研究利用實際實驗針對設計出之摩擦式阻尼進行效果測試，並利用數學方法計算出摩擦式阻尼之效果，利用此效果做為參考依據利用機構模擬軟體建立新型機構模型，並以EuroNCAP中鞭甩測試準則建構測試方法，針對座椅機構進行測試並匯出新式座椅在後撞中之運動情形，得到座椅機構之運動情形後針對座椅機構進行改良並以同樣的測試對改良後之機構再度利用機構模擬軟體進行模擬，並使用系統識別的方法對改良過後之機構在後撞過程中之運動情形可能造成之傷害進行評估，討論新型座椅機構對於人體的頸部之保護效果。

The main objective of this study is to design a new vehicle seat mechanism to prevent from human whiplash injury due to low-speed rear impact. Whiplash injury is one kind of injuries which would occur in rear-end impact, which that has very low opportunity to lead to death but has long incubation and many kinds of complication. This characteristic let whiplash injury has a serious implication for society. Seat plays an important role in rear impact, if there isn’t safety device which can prevent the whiplash injury, there is a high opportunity that the whiplash injury would occur. Therefore, an appropriate automotive seat mechanism design might be a key to protect the occupant’s neck from whiplash injury.

This study use friction damper as the main mechanism which could provide both the deceleration and trigger of safety device. The characteristic of friction damper and the shape design of the connection link is the most important in the new type of whiplash protecting mechanism. This would provide other studies a relative reference which is focus on anti-whiplash seat mechanism design.

In this study there is an experiment to get the characteristic of friction damper which has designed, and use physic model to compute the result of the experiment. And a mechanism model was built in mechanism analysis program base on the friction damper mechanism. EuroNCAP’s whiplash test procedure was used in the mechanism analysis program to get the relative dynamic reaction of the new mechanism. With the result of the simulation, the shape of the connection link was redesigned to avoid the rebound which would happen in maximum extension of new mechanism. System identification was used to assess the injury of the result which was produced by the simulation of the improved new mechanism. By analyzing the data with the available neck injury criterion like NIC values can verified the effects of the new safety seat mechanism.

Barnsley, L., Lord, S. M., Wallis, B. J., & Bogduk, N. (1995).“ The prevalence of chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash.” Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 20(1), pp.20-25; discussion 26.
Bostroem, O., Svensson, M. Y., Aldman, B., Hansson, H. A., Haaland, Y., Loevsund, P., & Oertengren, T. (1997). “ A new neck injury criterion candidate-based on injury findings in the cervical spinal ganglia after experimental neck extension trauma. ” Proc. IRCOBI Conference, pp.123-136.
Bowman, B. C., Schneider, Lawrence W., Lustick, Leonard S., Anderson, William R., & Thomas, Daniel J. (1984). “ Simulation analysis of head and neck dynamic response. ” SAE 841668. pp. 173-205
Dixon, J. (2007). The shock absorber handbook. Second ed. New Jersey : Wiley
Fard, M. A., Ishihara, T., & Inooka, H.. (2003).“ Dynamics of the head-neck complex in response to the trunk horizontal vibration: modeling and identification.” Journal of biomechanical engineering, 125(4), pp.533-539.
Hell, W., Langwieder, K., & Walz, F. (1998). “ Reported soft tissue neck injuries after rear-end car collisions. ” Proc. IRCOBI Conference, pp. 261-274
Iliffe, S. (1919).The autocar hankbook: Aguide to the motor car. Fifth ed. CA, U.S.A : McKinleyville.
Jakobsson, L., Isaksson-hellman, I., & Lindman, M. (2008).“ WHIPS (Volvo Cars' Whiplash Protection System)—The Development and Real-World Performance.” Traffic Injury Prevention, 9(6), pp.600-605.
Jernström, C., Nilsson, G., & Svensson, M. Y. (1993). “ A first approach to an implementation in MADYMO of a human body model for rear impact modeling. ”Proc. of the 4th International Madymo User's Meeting. pp. 6-7
Kaneoka, K., Ono, K., Inami, S., & Hayashi, K.. (1999).“ Motion analysis of cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading.” Spine, 24(8), pp.763-769.
Kelly, R. (2002).“ BioRID-IIc rear impact crash test dummy.” U.S.A : Denton.
Kleinberger, M., Sun, E., Saunders, J., & Zhou, Z. (2003). “ Effects of head restraint and seat redesign on neck injury risk in rear-end crashes. ” Traffic injury prevention. pp83-90.
Lundell, B., Jakobsson, L., Alfredsson, B., Lindström, M., & Simonsson, L. (1998). "The WHIPS seat-a car seat for improved protection against neck injuries in rear end impacts. ” Proc. 16th ESV Conference., pp.0-08.
Mendelson, G. (1984).“ Follow-up studies of personal injury litigants.” Int J Law Psychiatry, 7(2), pp.179-188.
Mertz, H. J., & Patrick, L. M. (1967). “ Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. ” Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. pp 267-317.
Mertz, H. J. (1971).“ Strength and response of the human neck.”
Olsson, I. (1990). "An in-depth study of neck injuries in rear end collisions." Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury Conference. Vol. 1990. International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury.
Ono, K., Kaneoka, K., Hattori, S., Ujihashi, S., Takhounts, E. G., Haffner, M. P., & Eppinger, R. H. (2003).“ Cervical vertebral motions and biomechanical responses to direct loading of human head.” Traffic injury prevention, 4(2), pp.141-152.
Ono, K., & Kanno, M. (1996).“ Influences of the physical parameters on the risk to neck injuries in low impact speed rear-end collisions.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 28(4), pp.493-499.
Saunders, J. W., Molino, L. N., & McKoy, F. L. (2003). “ Performance of seating systems in a FMVSS no. 301 rear impact crash test. ” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Schmitt, K. U., Muser, M. H., & Niederer, P. (2000). “ A new neck injury criterion candidate for rear-end collisions taking into account shear forces and bending moments. ” Proceeding of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles.
Schmitt, K. U., Muser, M., Heggendorn, M., Niederer, P., & Walz, F. (2003). “ Seat component to prevent whiplash injury. ” Proc. 18th ESV Conf., paper. No. 224.
Sekizuka, M. (1998). “ Seat designs for whiplash injury lessening. ” Proc., 16th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. pp.1570-1578
States, J. D., Fenner, H. A., Flamboe, E. E., Nelson, W. D., & Hames, L. N. (1971). “ Field application and research development of the abbreviated injury scale. ” Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings.
Strother, C., & James, M. (1987).“ Evaluation of seat back strength and seat belt effectiveness in rear impact.” Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Svensson, M. Y., Lövsund, P., Håland, Y., & Larsson, S. (1996).“ The influence of seat-back and head-restraint properties on the head-neck motion during rear-impact.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 28(2), pp.221-227.
van Ratingen, M., Ellway, J., Avery, M., Gloyns, P., Sandner, V., & Versmissen, T. (2009). The EURO NCAP Whiplash Test. Europe : EuroNCAP.
Welcher, J. B., & Szabo, T. J. (2001).“ Relationships between seat properties and human subject kinematics in rear impact tests.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 33(3), pp.289-304.
Wiklund, K. (1998).“ Saab active head restraint(SAHR)-seat design to reduce the risk of neck injuries in rear impacts.” SAE transactions,107(6),pp. 620-628.
Zellmer, H., Stamm, M., Seidenschwang, A., & Brunner, A. (2001, 2001). "Enhancement of seat performance in low-speed rear impact." 17th International Technical Conference of the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles., paper. No. 231. pp. 21.
葉孟翰，(2005)，"防止後撞頸椎鞭甩傷害之安全座椅設計研究" 碩士論文，國立成功大學機械工程學系。
吳鈞泰，(2006)，"使用碰撞人偶模型對頭頸鞭甩傷害之研究" 碩士論文，國立成功大學機械工程學系
葉重宇，(2006)，"減低頸部鞭甩傷害之半主動試車用座椅機構設計與分析" 碩士論文，國立成功大學機械工程學系。
傅增棣，(1994)，"電腦輔助工程設計-ADAMS基礎應用手冊" 初版，高立圖書有限公司，台北。