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研究生： 蔡秉宏
Tsai, Ping-Hung
論文名稱： 複合相變材料之製備與導熱材料添加之影響探討
Preparation of composite phase change materials and the effects of adding thermal conductivity materials
指導教授： 陳盈良
Chen, Ying-Liang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年： 2023
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 143
中文關鍵詞： 潛熱儲能 、吸附法 、多孔隙載體 、相變材料 、複合相變材料
外文關鍵詞： latent heat storage, adsorption, phase change materials, composite phase change materials, kish graphite
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    • 因人類社會中的能源使用量不斷增加。為了滿足能源不斷增長的需求，導致溫室氣體排放量增加，加劇了全球暖化與全球的極端氣候。也因近年來早晚溫差逐漸的增大，人類對於空調以調節室內溫度的需求提高。為了減少能源的消耗，出現了對於建築物儲存能量之需求，進而出現了熱儲能（Thermal Energy Storage，TES）一詞，其中潛熱儲能（Latent Heat Storage，LHS）為目前於建築物儲能上應用較為廣泛之熱儲能種類。
    潛熱儲能以相變材料（phase change materials，PCM）作為熱能儲存之介質，並且本研究擬以吸附法將PCM吸附進多孔隙載體中，使用石蠟（paraffin，PA）與癸酸（capric acid，CA）作為相變材料，高壓蒸氣養護混凝土（autoclaved aerated concrete，AAC）與膨脹蛭石（expanded vermiculite，EVM）作為多孔隙載體使用，藉由分析其物化性質了解其特性，以了解後續製備複合相變材料（composite phase change materials，C-PCM）上其吸附量差異之原因。
    經探討不同製備參數所得四種C-PCM皆於-90kPa之吸附壓力下有較大之吸附量表現，AAC吸附PA（AAC-PA）於吸附溫度80℃，吸附時間5 min時，三種粒徑之吸附量皆達飽和；AAC吸附CA（AAC-CA）於吸附溫度60℃，吸附時間5 min時，三種粒徑之吸附量皆達飽和；EVM吸附PA（EVM-PA）於吸附溫度80℃，吸附時間15 min時，三種粒徑之吸附量皆達飽和；EVM吸附CA（EVM-CA）於吸附溫度70℃，吸附時間15 min時，三種粒徑之吸附量皆達飽和。接著使用洩漏試驗量測C-PCM洩漏率，並以吸附量與洩漏試驗歸納出較合適之C-PCM參數。
    量測4.750-9.500 mm粒徑之AAC-CA（AAC-L-CA）熱性質時，發現到其熱流曲線近乎呈現直線，經查相關文獻後得知AAC中之鹼性物質可能與CA產生化學反應，使CA反應成癸酸鈣，從而使CA之潛熱消失。接著再以氫氧化鈣與CA進行混合，並發現於保存時間一天之條件下，其潛熱即完全消失，意味著CA確實會與鹼性物質產生化學反應，且反應速率隨著鹼性之增加而增快。接著使用天然石墨與凝析石墨作為提升C-PCM導熱性之原料，以改善C-PCM之過冷問題，並於DSC熱流分析可得出此兩種材料皆有改善C-PCM導熱性之能力，使其過冷之現象有改善。
    綜合以上結果，將多孔隙載體與PCM以吸附法可減少室內溫度之波動變化，藉以達到降低建築物內空調之使用需求，達到節能減碳之目的。

    Due to climate variability and changes in lifestyle, there has been an increased demand for air conditioning to regulate indoor temperatures. In order to reduce energy consumption, the need for energy storage in buildings has arisen, giving rise to the concept of thermal energy storage (TES). Among the various TES methods, Latent heat storage (LHS) is a widely applied form of thermal energy storage in buildings. LHS utilizes phase change materials (PCM) as the medium for storing thermal energy. This study employs the adsorption method to physically combine phase change materials with porous carriers to prepare composite phase change materials (C-PCM). Paraffin was selected as the PCM, while autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and expanded vermiculite (EVM) were chosen as the porous carriers. By comprehensively considering the effects of C-PCM preparation parameters (pressure, time, temperature, and particle size of porous carriers) on the adsorption capacity and the results of leakage tests, the subsequent parameters for investigating the thermal properties of C-PCM were evaluated. Finally, a comparison between C-PCM with the addition of 5% exfoliated graphite and untreated C-PCM was conducted using thermal analysis. The results indicated an improvement in the supercooling phenomenon and an increase in the phase transition speed of C-PCM with the addition of 5% kish graphite (KG), confirming that the addition of carbon materials can enhance its thermal conductivity.

    摘要 I SUMMARY III 誌謝 IX 目錄 XI 表目錄 XIV 圖目錄 XV 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究動機與目的 1 1-2 研究內容 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 熱儲能之發展與應用 4 2-1-1 熱儲能之發展 4 2-1-2 熱儲能之應用 10 2-2 相變材料之種類與特性 13 2-2-1 相變材料之種類 13 2-2-2 相變材料之特性 15 2-3 複合相變材料製備方式與潛在問題 16 2-3-1 複合相變材料之製備方式 17 2-3-2 多孔隙載體之種類 20 2-3-3 複合相變材料之潛在問題 28 2-4 小結 29 第三章 研究材料、設備及方法 31 3-1 研究架構與實驗流程 31 3-2 研究材料與設備 34 3-2-1 樣品前處理 34 3-2-2 實驗試藥與儀器設備 34 3-3 研究分析與方法 36 3-3-1 複合相變材料之實驗參數設計與實驗流程 36 3-3-2 洩漏試驗 37 3-3-3 分析方法 39 第四章 結果與討論 45 4-1 多孔隙載體與相變材料之基本特性分析 45 4-1-1 多孔隙載體之基本特性分析 45 4-1-2 多孔隙載體之孔洞性質分析 50 4-1-3 小結 77 4-2 複合相變材料之製備與微觀結構探討 78 4-2-1 吸附條件對複合相變材料製備之影響 78 4-2-2 複合相變材料之洩漏試驗與微觀結構 92 4-2-3 小結 100 4-3 複合相變材料之熱性質與導熱性改善 102 4-3-1 複合相變材料之熱性質 102 4-3-2 複合相變材料之導熱性質改善 111 4-3-3 小結 120 第五章 結論與建議 122 5-1 結論 122 5-2 建議 124 參考文獻 126 附錄 133

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