由於商業規模的擴大，要追蹤整個供應鏈中的事件變得比過往更加困難。 此外，供應鏈缺乏透明度的問題也一直困擾著供應端與消費端，買家和客戶，無法確定產品或服務的真實價值。另外，有一些與供應鏈相關的要素也常無法追蹤，例如環境事故等。因此，需要一個系統化的方法來解決上述問題，以提升供應鏈強度與效率。區塊鏈具有公開透明和高安全性的特性，可以成為解決供應鏈問題的良好方案。 即使是最簡單的區塊鏈技術應用，也可以為供應鏈管理帶來好處。例如在產品交易、轉移中，結合分散式帳本的概念，可以清楚識別與供應鏈管理相關的主要數據。
本研究主要在於找出區塊鏈應用於供應鏈與物流產業的關鍵成功因素，透過專家問卷結果，進行要素的優勢度排序與分析，以提供欲導入區塊鏈的物流相關業者作為參考依據。本研究運用網路層級分析法(Analytic Network Process)來建立影響因素的層級回饋架構，並藉由優勢度大小排序找出關鍵因素。
研究中首先整合國內外區塊鏈應用於供應鏈之相關研究文獻與產業報告，分析後列舉出影響供應鏈績效維度的「成本」、「效率」、「可靠性」、「風險」、「永續性」與「靈活性」六大指標構面為基礎，以及其修正後的十四個評估要素，並建立問卷供專家回饋。透過ANP之研究結果顯示，業者投資時最在意的因素為「供應鏈強度」，其次依序為「供應商溝通」、「可擴展性」、「轉換成本」、「資訊安全」、「資訊可靠性」、「供應商關係」、「技術發展」、「安裝成本」、「維護成本」、「法律環境及政策」、「競爭者」、「主導供應商」及「供應商認知」。最後依據排序前兩項之「供應鏈強度」、「供應商溝通」要素來驗證個案公司透過區塊鏈導入前後之效益分析探討。

Due to the expansion of business scale, it is more difficult to track events throughout the supply chain than in the past. In addition, the lack of transparency in the supply chain has plagued both the supply and the consumer, and buyers and customers cannot determine the true value of the product or service. The blockchain has the characteristics of openness, high security, and can be a good solution to solve the supply chain problem.
The main purpose of this research is to find out the key success factors of blockchain application in the supply chain and logistics industry. Through the results of expert questionnaires, the ranking and analysis of the advantages of the factors are provided, and the logistics related companies who want to introduce the blockchain are used as reference basis to understand the plan. Investing, importing, and focusing on which parts, not only can reduce more costs for manufacturers, but also provide users with comprehensive services.
This study integrates domestic and international blockchains into relevant research literature and industry reports in the supply chain. After analysis, it lists the “cost”, “efficiency”, “reliability”, “risk”, “flexibility” and “sustainability” that affect the performance dimension of the supply chain. Based on the six indicators and its revised fourteen evaluation factors. The study uses the Analytic Network Process to establish a hierarchical feedback structure of influencing factors, and to find out the key factors by ranking. Based on the top two important elements, a case study of a representative supply chain of a traditional industry is conducted. This will serve as an important basis for the industry to assess whether to introduce the blockchain in the supply chain management and logistics industry, and to analyze and discuss the case companies based on the research results.

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