氣喘在病理上是慢性呼吸道發炎及阻塞之疾病，病徵為呼吸道過度收縮而導致呼吸困難及咳嗽等症狀，嚴重時足以致命。氣喘是全球性疾病，兒童盛行率近年來更是有逐年漸增之勢，其中又以過敏性氣喘最為常見。當患者受到塵螨或花粉等過敏原刺激誘發過敏反應，導致氣喘發作。屋塵螨(house dust mite)是常見之過敏原，臨床上主要種類為歐洲屋塵螨(Dermatophagoids pteronyssinus, Der p)。
小青龍湯(Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang, XQLT)是中藥成方，由八種單味中藥組成，分別為麻黃、桂枝、芍藥、炙甘草、乾薑、細辛、五味子及半夏，主要用於治療喘、咳、痰多等症狀，臨床用於對於西醫診斷為氣喘之患者可見一定療效。許多研究指出，在以各種過敏原誘導之急、慢性過敏氣喘模式中，證實XQLT確實對過敏及氣喘症狀具有一定抑制效果。在以Der p誘發急性過敏氣喘動物模式中，研究發現餵食XQLT後，小鼠肺部組織之toll相似受器(toll-like receptor 4, TLR4)之表現量降低，細胞株研究進一步發現，XQLT抑制TLR4受Der p刺激的效果會被游離態之TLR4重組蛋白(recombinant soluble TLR4, sTLR4)所反轉，可見XQLT所抑制之過敏反應與TLR4的免疫訊號路徑有關。TLR4屬於TLR蛋白質家族之一員，也是重要的病原體辨識受器(pathogen recognition receptors, PRR)，主要已知受體為lipopolysaccharide (LPS)。而近年也有研究發現Der p 2在結構上與TLR4複合體成員之一的骨髓分化蛋白2(myeloid differentiation protein-2, MD-2)相近，能直接與TLR4結合而誘發下游訊息傳遞。本研究即再進一步由不同細胞株確認XQLT是否確實影響Der p誘發TLR4的訊號，欲藉由sTLR4來分離XQLT所含有之可能參與影響TLR4訊號路徑的成分。
本研究目前發現，以Der p對細胞刺激後，XQLT確實能影響細胞膜上與TLR4專一性結合的TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM)表現量減少。藉此，可望於將來分離出XQLT中、相關的活性成分。

Asthma is a worldwide disease with symptoms as airway hypercontraction, wheezing and chronic cough and is featured with chronic airway inflammation and obstruction. Increasing prevalence rate of asthma in children is observed in many countries. Allergic asthma is the most popular disease among those asthmatic patients. Patients are over-reacts to foreign allergen such as dust mite or pollen then subjected to asthma attack. House dust mite (HDM) is the most seen allergen. The main source is from Dermatophagoids pteronyssinus (Der p). Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT) is a used traditional Chinese medical which treat symptom such as wheezing, cough and sputum. XOTL is proved to be an inhibitory agent against allergic inflammation and wheezing in several allergens, including Der p, induced acute or chronic allergic asthma animal models. It is found oral-fed with XQLT can down regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in lungs of a Der p induced allergic mice model. In vitro study shows that inhibitory effect of XQLT on TLR4 will be reversed by recombinant soluble TLR4 (sTLR4). It seems that XQLT may exert inhibitory effect on allergic reaction by affecting TLR4 pathway. This project is designed to confirm the inhibitory effect of XQLT on Der p induced TLR4 signal and to isolate possible effector of XQLT by using sTLR4. In this research, XQLT is found to decrease the membranous TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM) which binds to TLR4 specifically in a Der p stimulated cell line. The result will be subsequently applied to isolate TLR4-regulating effector of XQLT.

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