目的：研究顯示神經心理治療（neuropsychotherapy）與神經回饋（neurofeedback）可改善注意力缺陷／過動症（ADHD）的執行功能與行為症狀之缺損。廖御圻、郭乃文、陳信昭、蔡幸芳與蘇倍儀（2015）建構以神經回饋為主之神經心理治療模組──「Will Well NF（WWNF）」，並將此模組應用於ADHD兒童的訓練且有良好之療效，然未有後續療效追蹤探討。本研究旨在透過追蹤評估檢驗該神經心理治療模組之療效持續性。
方法：ADHD組來自兒童與青少年精神專科醫師轉介，並於102至107年期間，完成10週WWNF介入者，共有33名符合收案的納入條款，其中4名電話聯繫不上、3名時間無法配合，以及3名拒絕參與研究，最終納入23名。ADHD組介入前（T1）平均年齡8.88±1.69，介入後（T2）為9.33±1.59，追蹤（T3）為12.28±3.13；正常組來自各級學校招募之自願參與者，並以年齡、性別、智力、社經地位，以及家庭環境作為配對條件，納入為正常組（A）、正常組（Ｂ），平均年齡分別為8.97±1.25與12.08±1.80。針對神經心理衡鑑層次（注意力與抑制能力：CNAT）、日常行為功能層次（SNAP-IV、日常生活注意力問卷、日常執行功能行為量表），以及學習適應層次（日常時間管理問卷）進行ADHD組與正常組之組間比較、ADHD組之組內比較；另，針對ADHD組進一步做其他執行功能（計劃能力：ToL、認知彈性：WCST）之評估與組內比較。以卡方檢定與獨立樣本t檢定檢驗人口學和控制變項之差異，以單因子相依樣本與雪費法檢驗ADHD組內之差異，並以獨立樣本t檢定檢驗正常組和ADHD組之差異。
結果：追蹤評估顯示，在神經心理衡鑑層次，於CNAT正確數的五項指標中，ADHD組有兩項與正常組無顯著差異、一項維持差異，ADHD組內全數呈改善趨勢；在錯誤數的四項指標中，有兩項與正常組無顯著差異、一項維持差異，ADHD組內全數呈改善趨勢；在反應時間部分，無一致改善的趨勢，ADHD組在五項指標中有一項維持介入後之結果；在ToL與WCST部分，ADHD組於各項指標之組內比較皆有顯著改善之趨勢。在日常行為功能層次（SNAP-IV、日常生活注意力問卷、日常執行功能行為量表），ADHD組於三項指標中兩項與正常組無顯著差異，一項減少顯著程度。在學習適應功能層次（日常時間管理問卷），ADHD組於該項指標減少與正常組差距之顯著程度。
結論：結果顯示ADHD組在追蹤時於三層次的多數指標維持改善。雖本研究採納樣本數較少，且較難排除成長因素，然仍對以神經回饋為主之神經心理治療的療效持續性提供初步驗證。未來宜擴大樣本數以探討此療效持續的穩定性，或可檢驗於不同個案族群之差異。

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the Neurofeedback-based Neuropsychotherapy module by follow-up assessment. The ADHD group was referred from a child and adolescent psychiatrist and completed a 10-week WWNF intervention in 2013-2018. Therefore, the ADHD group had three time points: pre-intervention(T1), post-intervention(T2), and follow-up(T3). The normal group was recruited from voluntary participants at all levels of school and matched with demographic variables and included in the normal group (A) and the normal group (B). The inter-group comparison between the ADHD group and the normal group, amd intra-group comparison in ADHD group. Comparsion the three levels: neuropsychological assessment level, daily behavioral function level, and learning adaptative function level. Differences between demographic and control variables were tested by chi-square test and independent sample t test. The difference in the ADHD group was tested by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’ s mthed, and the difference between normal group and ADHD group was tested by independent sample t test. The results showed that most of the indicators at the three levels remained improved in the ADHD group at the follow-up point, providing the maintenance of effectiveness with the neurofeedback-based Neuropsychotherapy. In the future, it is advisable to expand the number of samples to explore the continued stability of this effectiveness, or to test for differences in different case groups.

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