近年來由於房價持續高漲，購屋困難的問題逐漸浮出，而臺灣住宅市場缺乏對於居住環境整體規劃構想，於2010 年選舉期間爆發出社會住宅的需求探討，隨後內政部所做「社會住宅相關議題民意調查」中，有高達八成九的民眾支持政府興建社會住宅，有七成六的民眾認為政府興建只租不售的社會住宅，對解決社會或經濟弱勢族群的居住問題有幫助。政府為解決住宅不可負擔問題以及提升整體居住品質為目標，在2011 年通過住宅法，其中引進社會住宅精神，明訂「社會住宅」只租不售之經營模式，並以混居方式讓青年學生、初入社會就業者與特定資格的弱勢戶生活在同一個社區，幫助社會及經濟較弱勢族群達成人人適其屋之目標，維護各經濟階層之居住尊嚴，提升整體居住品質，達到居住正義的目的。
　　本設計論文透過社會住宅與其發展脈絡、都市中的居住課題、從空間面向討論弱勢族群的使用需求、臺灣的公共住宅政策發展歷程四部分做文獻回顧，整理比較亞洲國家對於社會住宅之政策及執行差異。提出「都市合作社」的概念框架，以資源共享為核心，在設計操作上研究使用者居住空間需求，選定基地- 臺北市文山區安康社區進行演練，以都市角度創造更多公共空間，建構一個由都市公空間過渡至居住私空間的集居住宅空間提案。
　　藉由本案的探討，結合臺灣的時空背景發展之社會救助制度，提出公營出租住宅空間規劃上的分區系統概念，以公、共、私的絕對及相對領域劃分關係串連整個社區中不同族群的活動空間及時間，期望滿足弱勢族群階段性的居住、就職需求，輔助弱勢族群培養自力更生的能力，在租住社會住宅期間，培蓄經濟及各方面能力以脫離弱勢族群之標準，讓下一批弱勢族群能夠進駐在同樣有限的社會住宅空間下，達成永續經營幫助世代族群的目標。

summary
　
　Lacking of overall planning vision to the residential environment, along with continually increased housing prices, lead to the demand of public rental housing be brought into discussion. A recent research “Social housing related issues survey” published by ministry of the interior of ROC indicate that up to 89% people approve the policy of constructing social residential housing, and 76% people assent that constructing social residential housing would be an effective way to help social or economic disadvantaged groups with the housing demand. To better assist the housing market, and improve the quality of residential environment, government drew up “Housing Act” in 2011, within which defined Social Housing as housing built by the government or private sector with subsidies from the government that is primarily rented.
　The theoretical review includes four themes to explore the evolvement of social housing in Taiwan: development of social housing , urban residential environment issue, spatial requirements of disadvantaged groups, and social housing policy development in Taiwan. The paper compares and evaluates the social housing policy among four Asian countries: Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Korea. Base on the historical context of social housing in Taiwan, the study propose an ” Urban cooperatives” conceptual framework for future planning public rental housing. With the concept of Multigrouping Coresidence, public rental housing could allow social or economic disadvantaged groups living together, helping each other, to achieve the purpose of living justice.
　The study regenerate public rental housing at An-Kang Community in Taipei in three different scale to carry out the ” Urban cooperatives” conceptual framework, which are : A) urban scale, it contains programs which shared with neighboring region, such as pedestrian space, commercial Space, refurbished furniture exhibition center, etc. B) Community scale, it contains programs that are shared within communities, co-activity center, co-classroom, co-kitchen, for instance. C) Dwelling unit scale, every certain number of living units considered a dwelling unit, supported with programs like co-laundry space, co-living space, co-reading space. By linking individual living unit with common spaces, which used for daily needed activities, this framework better facilitate government’s management and financial supply.
　　

Keywords: Affordable Housing, Social Housing, Resource Sharing, Residential Environment

Introduction

　Living justice is always an important part in dwelling issue, due to the unaffordable high price of house market in Taipei, the social housing policy issue is more concerned to people nowadays. In order to balance the housing market, and to help disadvantaged groups (including the economically disadvantaged and the socially disadvantaged) with dwelling demands, the government drew up “Housing Act” in 2011, within which defined Social Housing as housing built by the government or private sector with subsidies from the government that is primarily rented.
　Urban is a huge complex of various living activities, along with various Lifestyle. According to DGBAS recent survey on population of household composition, single-person and couple has accounted for the largest proportion. In Response of this changing, designer has brought various propose suit for different lifestyle and high-price of housing. The study brought various urban lifestyle into consideration applied with three different scale of space planning, propose a future public rental housing planning approach.

Materials and methods
　
　There are four steps to approach the research: 1) through the theoretical review, to explore how social housing policy implemented historically and politically in Taiwan, and so can we propose an much suitable space planning framework for future planning of public rental housing. 2) Study the Space requirements of Multigrouping, including social worker, college student, average income families, low income families. The study creates a living unit prototype with space arrangement flexibility to satisfy various requirements. 3) Elaborate the ” Urban cooperatives” conceptual framework and living unit prototype in a chosen site, An-Kang Community in Taipei, to regenerate public rental housing. 4) The study regenerate public rental housing in three different scale to carry out the ” Urban cooperatives” conceptual framework, including urban scale, community scale, and dwelling scale.
　The three planning scale are: A) urban scale, it contains programs which shared with neighboring region, such as pedestrian space, commercial Space, refurbished furniture exhibition center, etc. B) Community scale, it contains programs that are shared within communities, co-activity center, co-classroom, co-kitchen, for instance. C) Dwelling unit scale, every certain number of living units considered a dwelling unit, supported with programs like co-laundry space, co-living space, co-reading space. By linking individual living unit with common spaces, which used for daily needed activities, this framework better facilitate government’s management and financial supply.

Conclusion

　Most of paper of social housing in Taiwan focus on the comparison of different types of social housing policy, seldom try to make strategy for nowadays circumstances. The study review the development of social housing in Taiwan, add on a conceptual framework as ” Urban cooperatives”, and to elaborate the concept on a real site, An-Kang Community located at the intersection of Sec. 2, Muzha Rd. and Sec. 4, Xinglong Rd.. The final propose as result suggest planning method and minimum living unit. Making the strategy with three scale, urban scale, community scale, and dwelling scale, for future planning reference, the study propose a public rental housing according to Taiwan’s social housing policy, urban multiple lifestyles, and vision for the future urban life.

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