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研究生：	高志豪 Gao, Jhih-Hao
論文名稱：	政府在促進半導體產業發展扮演之角色分析 The role of the government driving development of the semiconductor industry
指導教授：	王靖興 Wang, Ching-Hsing
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	社會科學院 - 政治學系 Department of Political Science
論文出版年：	2026
畢業學年度：	114
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	292
中文關鍵詞：	半導體產業、發展型國家、政府干預、民主、政府效率、波特鑽石模型
外文關鍵詞：	semiconductor industry, developmental state, government interference, democracy, government efficiency, Porter’s Diamond Approach
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半導體產業在二十一世紀全球經濟中扮演著戰略性且關鍵的角色，並被視為強權競爭中的重要戰略資源。貿易保護主義、新冠疫情以及地緣政治緊張局勢，皆促使主要國家推動半導體產業在地化。事實上，許多工業化國家在半導體產業的發展過程中皆扮演了重要角色。
首先，本研究聚焦於政治如何影響半導體產業的發展，以及全球主要國家如何強化其半導體產業的競爭力。在臺灣與韓國，政府透過產業政策的引導，並動員資本與資源，推動半導體產業發展（Guo & Lai, 2021）。臺灣與韓國在半導體產業上的成就，引發了關於政府干預與產業政策如何促進半導體產業發展的討論。其次，本研究進一步釐清政府干預、民主制度、政府效率與半導體產業之間的關係。最後，為期能為半導體產業的發展路徑提供啟示，本研究從政治、經濟與管理等層面，探討促成半導體產業成功的若干決定因素，並提出與半導體產業相關的政策建議。
本研究結果可歸納如下。首先在六個半導體領先國家中，沒有任何一國政府採取完全自由市場取向的政策。這些國家的政府皆將工程人才視為半導體追趕與發展的核心資產，並透過空間治理降低半導體生產過程中的交易成本。此外六國政府皆運用財政工具，以降低半導體投資所面臨的高度資本密集性、風險與不確定性。
其次，本研究發現，經濟發展有助於民主進展；同時也觀察到，經濟自由主要是由政府效率所促進，而非由民主制度本身所推動。此外，較高的經濟自由與較佳的政府效能之間存在正向關聯。進一步而言，經濟自由與政府效率皆與半導體出口績效呈現正向且顯著的關聯；相較之下，民主制度本身並未提供強而有力的證據，顯示其與半導體出口績效之間存在正向且獨立的關聯。
最後本研究根據相關次級決定因素與變數，提出促進半導體產業發展的政策建議。最後，透過分析半導體領先國家的優勢，本研究進一步歸納出半導體產業各部門所需具備的競爭能力。

Semiconductor industry plays a strategic and pivotal role in global economy in 21st century. It is considered a strategic resource in the competition of super powers. Trade protectionism, Covid 19 and geopolitical tension stimulate main countries to localize semiconductor industry. In reality, many industrialized countries governments play an important role in the development of the semiconductor industry.
First of all, this study focuses on how politics affects the development of the semiconductor industry and how main countries around world strengthen their competitiveness of their semiconductor industries. In Taiwan and Korea, governments guide industrial policies and mobilizes capital and resources. Achievement in the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and Korea raises the discussion about how governmental interference and industrial polies stimulate the development of the semiconductor industry. Second, government interference, democracy, government efficiency and relationships with semiconductor industry are figured out. Last but not the least, in hope of shedding light on a path to develop the semiconductor industry, some determinants triggering the success of the semiconductor industry are discussed politically, economically and managerially. Then, some policy recommendations related to the semiconductor industry are raised.
The results of the study were summarized as follows. First of all, in the leading six countries, none of their governments adopted a purely free-market approach. All of their governments treated engineering talent as a core asset for semiconductor catch-up and used spatial governance to reduce transaction costs in semiconductor production. In addition, all six governments used fiscal tools to reduce the high capital intensity, risk, and uncertainty of semiconductor investment.
Second, we identify economic development contributes to democratic advancement and notice economic freedom is promoted by government efficiency instead of democracy. Plus, greater economic freedom is associated with higher government effectiveness. Furthermore, economic freedom and government efficiency are positively and significantly associated with semiconductor export performance while that democracy does not provide strong evidence of a positive independent association with semiconductor export performance.
Third, some policy recommendations to promote the semiconductor industry are raised based on the sub-determinants and variables. Then, the required competitive capacities of each division of the semiconductor industry are figured out through analyzing the advantages of the leading countries.

Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures x
List of Appendices xi
Chapter One Introduction 1
1 Research Background and Motivation 1
2 Research Purpose 2
3 Significance of the Study 3
4 The Structure of the Dissertation 4
Chapter Two Literature Review and Theoretic Frame 7
1 Models Related to Economic Development 7
1.1 Harrod-Domar growth model 7
1.1.1 The Harrod–Domar model and development 8
1.1.2 Financing gap models and foreign aid allocation 8
1.1.3. Investment requirement estimation 9
1.1.4. Regional and sectoral applications 9
1.2. The Solow and exogenous neoclassical growth model 11
1.2.1. Examination of cross-country and regional growth and convergence 12
1.2.2. Industry- and sector-level applications of the Solow model 12
1.3. The Romer and endogenous model 13
1.3.1. Macro-level empirical applications of R&D and human capital 14
1.3.2. Industry-level applications of the Romer and endogenous model 15
1.4. Comparison among the Harrod–Domar, Solow, and Romer growth model 15
1.5. Porter’s Diamond Approach 16
1.5.1. National-level empirical applications 17
1.5.2. Industry-level applications 17
1.6. Comparison between the Harrod–Domar Growth Model, Romer Model and Porter’s Diamond approach 18
1.6.1. Theoretical assumption 18
1.6.2. Domains of application 19
1.6.3. Variable operationalization 20
1.6.4. Conceptual relatedness and complementarity 21
1.6.5. Generality and limitations 22
1.6.6. Empirical research methods 24
1.6.7. Synthesis 25
2. The Impact of Government Interference on Economy Development 26
3. The Impact of Democracy on Economy Development 29
4. The Impact of Governmental Efficiency on Economy Development 30
5. Developmental State Mercantilism 32
6. The Impact of Determinants and Variables of Porter’s Diamond Approach on Economy Development 33
6.1. The impact of factor conditions on economy development 33
6.1.1. The impact of human resource on economy development 34
6.1.2. The impact of capital resource on economy development 35
6.1.3. The impact of knowledge resource on economy development 37
6.1.4. The impact of physical resource on economy development 39
6.1.5. The impact of the infrastructure on economy development 41
6.2. The impact of demand conditions on economy development 43
6.2.1. The impact of the composition of home demand on economy development 43
6.2.2. The impact of the size of home demand on economy development 45
6.2.3. The impact of the internationalization of home demand on economy development 49
6.3. The impact of related and supporting industries on economy development 50
6.4. The impact of firm strategy, structure and rivalry on economy development 54
6.4.1. The impact of firm strategy on economy development 54
6.4.2. The impact of firm structure on economy development 57
6.4.3. The impact of rivalry on economy development 60
6.5. The impact of chances on economy development 63
Chapter Three Research Design and Methods 65
1. Data Collection and Operation of Variables 65
2. Methods 70
2.1. Descriptive content analysis 70
2.1.1. Study design 71
2.1.2. Data sources and document collection 71
2.1.3. Inclusion criteria 71
2.1.4. Cross-case comparison 72
2.2. Quantitative analysis 72
2.2.1. ANOVA test and T test 72
2.2.2. Panel analysis 72
Chapter Four The Government Role of the Semiconductor Industry in the Main State 75
1 Government role of the semiconductor industry in Taiwan 75
2 Government role of the semiconductor industry in South Korea 79
3 Government role of the semiconductor industry in Japan 84
4 Government role of the semiconductor industry in China 89
5 Government role of the semiconductor industry in the United States 93
6 Government role of the semiconductor industry in Germany 97
7 Comparison of Government Roles on the Aspect of Governmental Institutions 101
8 Comparison of Government Roles on the Aspect of Talents 102
9 Comparison of Government Roles on the Aspect of Technology 103
10 Comparison of Government Roles on the Aspect of Infrastructure 104
11 Comparison of Government Roles on the Aspect of Finance and Tax 106
Chapter Five The Dynamic Stimulation between the Governmental Factors and their Relationships with the Semiconductor Industry Performance 108
1 The Stimulation of Economic Growth on Democracy 109
2 The Stimulation of Democracy on Economic Freedom 112
3 The Stimulation of Economic Freedom on Government Efficiency 116
4 The Relationships of Government Interference, Government Efficiency, Democracy with the Performance of the Semiconductor Industry 121
5 Summary 125
Chapter Six The Holistic Review of the Performance of the Semiconductor Industry 129
1 The Review of the Performance of the Entire Semiconductor Industry 129
1.1. The impact of government interference on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 139
1.2. The impact of democracy on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 140
1.3. The impact of governmental efficiency on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 141
1.4. The impact of human resource on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 143
1.5. The impact of capital resource on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 144
1.6. The impact of knowledge resource on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 145
1.7. The impact of physical resource on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 147
1.8. The impact of infrastructure on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 148
1.9. The impact of composition of home demand on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 150
1.10. The impact of size of home demand on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 151
1.11. The impact of internationalization of home demand on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 153
1.12. The impact of related and supporting industries on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 155
1.13. The impact of firm strategy on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 156
1.14. The impact of firm structure on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 158
1.15. The impact of rivalry on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry and policy advice 159
1.16. The impact of chance on the performance of the entire semiconductor industry	160
2.  The review of the performance of the divisions of the semiconductor industry 164
2.1. The review of the performance of the upstream of the semiconductor industry 195
2.2. The review of the performance of the midstream of the semiconductor industry	198
2.3. The review of the performance of the downstream of the semiconductor industry	206
2.4. The review of the performance of the supporting industry of the semiconductor industry 208
Chapter Seven Conclusions 214
1 Summary of the Major Findings 214
2 Policy Suggestions 219
2.1. Policy suggestions on the aspect of knowledge resource 220
2.2. Policy suggestions on the aspect of physical resource 222
2.3. Policy suggestions on the aspect of infrastructure 224
2.4. Policy suggestions on the aspect of government interference 227
2.5. Policy suggestions on the aspect of composition of home demand 228
2.6. Policy suggestions on the aspect of internationalization of home demand 230
3 Limitations 233
References 235
                                    

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