Internet2是由美國大學、產業界和政府創立的非營利性網際網路協會，並與各國際學術研究網路(NRENs)互連，提供學研界高品質的互連網路頻寬。隨著學研界E-Science應用的網路流量需求暴增，在90年代後期，各國研網已開始探討由光網路提供高容量網路頻寬和更好的傳送服務品質保證。因此當網路故障情況發生時，需要考慮到整個新的光網路架構與目前IP骨幹網路的關係，包括控制資料傳送的路徑和網路告警的管理。在本篇論文中，將著重於發生在混合型網路中的故障管理問題，包含DWDM， SDH和IP技術。例如，當在DWDM層中有一條光纖斷線時，蜂擁而至的網路故障告警訊息會同時的出現在DWDM、SDH和IP各層中，這將會造成網路工程師對故障問題定位的困擾。因此，我們實驗了幾種情況，並根據在這些網路層之間發出的告警訊息，分析出告警訊息關聯圖，並提出新型的關聯搜尋法。這將有助於在混合型的學術研究網路中，可以從不同網路層之間的告警訊息中找到真正的故障根源。

Internet2 community was initiated by National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) that peers with each other at IP Layer. With the explosive growth of traffic demands from E-Science applications, optical networks has been introduced in late 90s for exploring higher bandwidth and better QoS guarantee. Problems arise when integrating the whole new optical infrastructure with current IP backbone, including controlling data path and network management. In this paper, we focus on fault management issue in hybrid networks containing DWDM, SDH and IP technologies. For instance, when there is a fiber cut in DWDM layer, tens of alarms would appear concurrently indicating network breakdowns in DWDM, SDH and IP layer separately, which will confuse engineers for error locating. Therefore, we experiment with several scenarios and propose a novel correlation method among these layers according to correlation diagram. Our contribution would benefit NRENs with hybrid networks for root-cause finding among alarms cross different network layers.

[1] 趙啟時,“具路徑保護機制之DWDM 網狀骨幹網路故障診斷系統研發”, 行 政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫, (2006)
[2] 趙啟時,“光纖骨幹網路之多點故障診斷暨定位系統”, 行 政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫, (2007)
[3] Aminadabe B. de Sousa, José Neuman de Souza, José Everardo Bessa Maia, and Carlos Delfino C. Pinheiro , “An Algorithm for Fault Location in SDH/WDM Networks”, ICT, (2005)
[4] A. Hanemann, J. Boote, E. Boyd, J. Durand, L. Kudarimoti, R. Lapacz, M. Swany, S. Trocha, and J. Zurawski, “Perfsonar: A service oriented architecture for multi-domain network monitoring”, In Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2005, LNCS 3826, Springer Verlag, Amsterdam, pp. 241–254, (2005)
[5] A. Hanemann, V. Jeliazkov, O. Kvittem, L. Marta, J. Metzger and I. Velimirovic, “Complementary Visualization of perfSONAR Network Performance Measurements”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet Surveillance and Protection (ICISP), IARIA/IEEE, Cap Esterel, France, pp. 1-6, (2006)
[6] A. Hanemann, L. Marta and M. Michael, "Quality Assurance in the perfSONAR Project: Release, Incident and Problem Management", Software Quality Professional Journal, American Society for Quality, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 39-50, (2008)
[7] B. Benatallah, F. Casati, and F. Toumani, "Analysis and Management of Web Service Protocols," in Proceedings of the 23rd Int'l Conf.Conceptual Modeling, ser.LNCS, pp. 524-541,(2004)
[8] B. Tierney, J. Boote, E. Boyd, A. Brown, M. Grigoriev, J. Metzger and others, “Instantiating a Global Network Measurement Framework”, LBNL Technical Report LBNL-1452E,(2009)
[9] C. Mas and P. Thirn , “An Efficient Algorithm for Locating Soft and Hard Failures in WDM Networks” , IEEE Journal on selected areas in Communications, Management Symposium, Vol.18, no.10, pp.1990-1911. (2000)
[10] Chi-Shih Chao, An-Chi Liu, “An alarm management framework for automated network fault identification”. Computer Communications Vol. 27, No. 13, pp.1341-1353. (2004)
[11] Carolina Pinart and Gabriel Junyent Giralt, “On Managing Optical Services in Future Control-Plane-Enabled IP/WDM Networks”, J. Lightwave Technol, vol. 23, Issue 10, pp.2868- (2005)
[12] CERENT-454-MIB： http://support.ipmonitor.com/mibs/CERENT-454-MIB/tree.aspx
[13] Cisco ONS 15454 DWDM Troubleshooting Guide , Release 8.5.x http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/optical/15000r8_5/dwdm/troubleshooting/guide/d85alts.html
[14] Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Troubleshooting and Maintenance Guide, Release 3.3, Cisco Press,http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/optical/ps2006/prod_troubleshooting_guide_chapter09186a00801a5420.html#wp116520
[15] Debra Cameron: Internet2: The Future of the Internet and Next-Generation Initiatives. Computer Technology Research. (1999)
[16] Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF). http://www.glif.is/
[17] G. Alonso, H. Kuno, F. Casati, and V. Machiraju, Web Services: Concepts, Architectures and Applications, Springer Verlag, (2004).
[18] Jing Wu, Michel Savoie, Scott Campbell, Hanxi Zhang, Gregor V. Bochmann, Bill St. Arnaud: Customer-managed end-to-end lightpath provisioning. International Journal of Network Management, Vol. 15, Issue 5, pp. 349--362. (2005)
[19] J. Boote, A. Hanemann, L. Kudarimoti, P. Louridas, L. Marta, M. Michael, N. Simar, and I. Tsompanidis, "Quality Assurance in perfSONAR Release Management", Quality of Information and Communications Technology Conference, Lisbon, pp. 131-142, (2007)
[20] J. Zurawski, J. Boote, M. Glowiak, A. Hanemann, M. Swany, and S. Trocha, “Hierarchically Federated Registration and Lookup within the perfSONAR Framework”, Integrated Network Management, 10th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium, pp. 705-708, (2007)
[21] L. Smarr, T.A. DeFanti, M.D. Brown, C.T.A.M. de Laat: iGrid 2005: The Global Lambda Integrated Facility. iGrid2005 special issue, Future Generation Computer Systems, volume 22 issue 8, pp. 849--851. (2006)
[22] Li Tong-yan , Li Xing-ming, “The study of alarm association rules mining in telecommunication networks”, Circuits and Systems Communications, pp. 1030-1034. (2008)
[23] Miyazawa, M. “Multi-layer Network Management System integrated with a Network Planning Tool for IP/Optical integrated network”, pp. 1–9. OFC/NFOEC. (2007)
[24] PerfSONAR services, http://www.perfsonar.net/services.html.
http://www.bmc.com/products/product-listing/22743834-121272-1370.html
[25] R. Rejeb, M. S. Leeson, R. J. Green, “Fault Management in Transparent Optical Networks”, Transparent Optical Networks, vol. 3, Issue, pp.143-148. (2006)
[26] Remedy, http://www.remedy.com
[27] Remedy API, http://arswiki.org/wiki/Remedy_API_Downloads#Linux
[28] Sava Stanic, Suresh Subramaniam, “Distributed Hierarchical Monitoring and Alarm Management in Transparent Optical Networks”, ICC, pp. 5281-5285. (2008)
[29] SOAP, http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/
[30] Tom DeFanti, Cees de Laat, Joe Mambretti, kees neggers, Bill St, Arnaud: TransLight - a global-scale LambdaGrid for e-science. Communications of ACM, vol. 46, no. 11, pp.34-41. (2003)
[31] TWAREN Optical Laboratory, http://optlab1.twaren.net/optlabEN/
[32] TWAREN, http://www.twaren.net/NetworkInfra/Intro/index.php
[33] UDDI,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Description_Discovery_and_Integration.
[34] WSDL, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
[35] Web Services Architecture,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-arch-20040211/#whatis.
[36] XML, http://www.w3.org/XML/.
[37] Yu, M. Li, W. Chong, L, “A new hybrid alarm correlation scheme for MPLS-enabled backbone networks”, IEEE International Conference, vol. 2, pp.-.(2005)