以往的供應鏈研究模式，在探討供應鏈問題時主要著重在供應鏈中每個環節的貨量與成本，而並沒有將時間的因素列入考慮。因此本研究提出時間延遲下的動態供應鏈流程規劃模式，即在供應鏈流程中各環節的貨物量皆是與時間相依，將供應鏈流程中所發生的延遲現象透過車流理論建構為數學模型。
本篇將車流理論中的動態均衡概念應用於供應鏈流程規劃中，在供應鏈流程中的運輸程序與轉運程序考慮時間延遲，探討供應商之最佳供貨策略。建構以總供應鏈成本最小的數學模式，模式由非線性限制式組成為具有凸集合特性之凸非線性規劃問題(convex programming)。研究中設計三種供應鏈測試架構情境進行數值測試，包括:(1)三階層單一供應商單一物流中心供應鏈架構，即供應鏈中包含一家供應商與一間物流中心以及一家零售商；(2) 三階層兩供應商單一物流中心供應鏈架構，即供應鏈中包含兩家供應商與一間物流中心以及一家零售商；(3) 三階層兩供應商兩物流中心供應鏈架構，即供應鏈中包含兩家供應商與兩間物流中心以及一家零售商。透過最佳化軟體Lingo對於所建構的數學模式進行最佳化測試。
本研究透過數值分析的結果中發現，在發生時間延遲的情況下先適當的提高供貨量再逐步減少供貨將為最適當的供貨策略，而增加供應商數量並分散存貨時能降低延遲的發生並可以降低供應鏈的總成本。若訂貨時間太短時，因為會產生貨物擁擠而導致在供應鏈流程中發生延遲使得到貨量減少，而當訂貨的時間範圍增加時，可減少供應鏈流程中延遲的發生並降低總成本。本研究希冀透過研究成果為供應鏈流程規劃策略提供建議，並供業界與學術界於未來研究發展使用。

In this research, we add the time-delay concept in supply chain and develop our mathematic model by the dynamic equilibrium theory. The model’s objective function is to minimize the total cost, and it is composed of non-linear constrains that become a convex programming. By assuming three scenarios: (1) three-echelon supply chain architecture with one supplier, one logistic center and one retailer. (2) three-echelon supply chain architecture with two suppliers, one logistic center and one retailer. (3) three-echelon supply chain architecture with two suppliers, two logistic center and one retailer. We can use those three situations to analyze and verify the correctness of our model. And by changing the time required to meet the demand of the time range ,from to change the time to explore the best order time point. Finally, we get the result from the numerical analysis found that in the case of time delay, the appropriate increase in supply and then gradually reduce the supply will be the most appropriate supply strategy, and decentralized inventory can reduce the occurrence of delay and can reduce the total cost of the supply chain. If the order time is too short, it will cause the goods congestion and lead to delay to reduce the arrival volume. And when the time range of the order increases, the occurrence of the delay and the total cost of supply chain can be reduced.

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