隨著知識經濟以及資訊社會的來臨，電信對人們的重要性也日益增加，並配合著通訊與電子科技的進步與網路的崛起，電信自由化在近年遂逐漸成為世界各國的趨勢；而我國在民國86年通過電信三法以來，行動電話市場成長極為快速，短短數年間門號普及率已超越100%且費率亦不斷的下降，因此，對於各家行動電話服務業者來說，如何利用適當的方法以評估自身的經營績效，並改進不足之處以提昇自身的競爭力，成為當前各家業者所必須重視的課題。
本研究研究對象為我國五家民營行動電話業者(台灣大哥大、遠傳、和信、泛亞與東信)，研究期間為民國87-90年，並分別自財務面與產出面來衡量業者之經營績效，於財務面上選用五力分析法衡量其財務績效，於產出面則選用偏要素生產力指標與Malmquist法來以衡量其生產力提昇狀況；本研究設定兩組生產力模式衡量總要素生產力，模式一之產出要素為電信服務收入，投入要素為員工數、電信服務成本與基地台，為了強調促銷費用對我國行動電話產業的重要性，於模式二另外加入促銷費用作為投入項。本研究之結論如下：
1. 以財務績效衡量結果來看，台灣大哥大為績效表現最佳的業者。
2. 以生產力衡量結果來看，台灣大哥大與和信表現較佳，台灣大哥大於組織重整後生產力有所提昇、而和信電信因管理決策與購併東榮電信導致其生產力逐年下降，此外，全區業者之生產力提昇優於單區業者，顯現出電信產業具有規模經濟的特性。
3. 整體行動電話服務產業之生產力自開放後有所提昇，但各年度的平均生產力變動則不同。
4. 技術因素為影響我國行動電話服務產業生產力的重要因素，反映出行動電話為一高科技且結合行銷的產業特性，且技術的進步與否與加值服務的提供、通訊品質的好壞有所關聯，亦會直接影響業者之收入與市場佔有率。
5. 頻譜、GPRS建設、員工縮編效果與市場佔有率對於生產力、效率與技術變動有所影響；頻譜對生產力效率的影響為正向，員工縮編效果對於生產力效率影響為正向，市場佔有率對生產力、效率、技術進步影響為正向，而GPRS建設由於受到相關服務的延遲推出之影響，投資的增加卻無法反映出其成效，導致對生產力、效率與技術進步均為負向影響。
6. 經營績效之衡量應包含生產力與財務績效的探討方為適當，才能完整反映出業者真實的經營情形。

Of all telecommunications services in Taiwan, mobile telecommunications service has captured most revenue and its penetration is rated first worldwide. For these operators, efficiency should be considered a key element for achieving greater revenue and enhancing market position. In this paper, comparison is made of the Taiwan private mobile telecommunications operators (PMTOs) in terms of their operational performance in the time period of 1998-2001 using Malmquist productivity index and five financial aspect analyses. In the setup of productivity measures, output is revenue and inputs include the number of employees, operational cost, the number of base station and marketing expense. The result has shown that the productivity efficiency of the mobile telecommunications industry (excluding state-owned Chuhwa Telecom.) has increased because of technology advance. In financial aspect: Taiwan Cellular has the best performance. KG Telecom.’s (similarly to MOBITAI Telecom.’s) financial performance has deteriorated since 1998 and TransAsia Telecom. has the best asset turnover among all operators. However, in 2001 every operator’s total asset turnover decreased due to the saturated market. As in the viewpoint of productivity: Taiwan Cellular, being a technology leader, is rated first because of the re-organization of Taiwan Telecom. Group. In general, nation-wide operators perform better compared to regional operators. TransAsia Telecom.’s marketing effect is most significant among all competitors. Finally, the influential factors of the productivity efficiency are examined by regressions. We found that the downsizing of enterprise, market share and the size of spectrum have positive impacts, but the investment of equipment and the build of GPRS have negative impacts on their own productivity.

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