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研究生: 許鴻川
Hsu, Hung-chuan
論文名稱: 以實驗計畫法探討燒結型熱管之性能
Performance Study of Sintered-Type Heat Pipe by Using Design of Experiments
指導教授: 趙隆山
Chao, Long-Sun
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 121
中文關鍵詞: 品質因子品質因子熱管
外文關鍵詞: heat pipe, quality characteristic, quality factor
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  • 本文主要是以實驗計畫法規劃在不同品質因子下熱管的性能表現,同時以統計軟體Design-Expert快速的驗證品質因子對品質特性是否有顯著的影響,以建立最佳化模型並找出顯著因子。
    實驗設計是以反應曲面法中的最佳化設計D-Optimality當作品質問題的方法,而實驗設計、模型建構、參數優化則為解決品質問題的步驟,並由變異分析得知實驗模型的價值,確保實驗的準確性,並運用統計原理對數據分析與探討,在得到不同顯著因子對最大熱傳量的影響後,可找出最佳化參數以提升熱管品質的良率。
    在本實驗中,綜合不同因子對熱管性能之影響,可知熱管長度對熱傳量(Q’max) 影響最大、其次分別為管徑大小、燒結層厚度與粉末粒徑。因此,管長的效應對模型影響的區間最大,管長從18增加到25cm,Q’max就會產生31.91 ~ 49.48 Watts的變動;管徑的影響區間次之,當管徑從6增加到8mm,Q’max就會產生34.18 ~ 47.20Watts的變動;再來是燒結層厚度從0.5增加到0.7mm,使Q’max產生36.49 ~ 44.90Watts的變動;而粉末粒徑所能影響模型的區間最小,當粒徑從45mesh增加到100mesh,Q’max僅產生39.49 ~ 41.90Watts的變動。
    最後,依照最佳化之數據,可預測參數變動下之模型,在管長18cm、直徑8mm、燒結層厚度0.5mm、粉末粒徑45mesh之調控下,可得最大熱傳量之期望值為69.34Watts,而實際實驗中可得72Watts,其誤差值為3.69%。因此,以實驗計畫法規劃在不同品質因子下熱管的性能表現,確實為一有效之方法。

    I n this thesis, design of experiments is used to plan the experimental evaluations of heat-pipe performance under different quality factors. The statistical software Design-Expert is utilized to validate the influences of quality factors. From these evaluations, the experiment model can be built to find out the quality factors of significant influence.
    In this research, the D-Optimality of response surface methodology is used as the design method of quality problem and then the experimental regression formula can be obtained from the construction model. Afterwards, the experimental model is evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). From this analysis, the significant factors on the maximum heat transfer rate (Q’max) and then the optimal parameters can be obtained, which can promote the yield and quality of heat pipe.
    From the analysis of the experimental data, the effects of different quality factors on heat-pipe performance can be evaluated. The pipe length has the highest influence on Q’max. As the length is increased from 18 to 25cm, the Q’max can be changed from 31.85 to 49.75 Watts. The pipe diameter has the second highest influence. As the diameter is increased from 6 to 8mm, the Q'max can be changed from 34.09 to 47.51Watts. The next important factor is the sintered-layer thickness. As the thickness is increased from 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm, the Q'max can be changed from 36.90 to 44.70Watts. The final factor is powder size. The Q'max only changes from 39.73 to 41.87 Watts when the powder size is increased from 45 to 100 mesh.
    Finally, according to the prediction by using the construction model, the optimization conditions are the pipe length of 18 cm, diameter of 8 mm, sintered-layer thickness of 0.5 mm and powder size of 45 mesh. Under these conditions, the predicted value of Q'max is 72 Watts, the experimental one is 69.34 Watts and their relative error is 3.69%. From the results described above, it can be concluded that design of experiments is an effective way to plan the heat-pipe experiment, which can help to find the significant factors and give the working parameters of the optimal performance.

    摘要……………………………………………………………II 英文摘要…………………………………………………….. IV 誌謝………………………………………………………….. VI 目錄………………………………………………………… VIII 表目錄……………………………………………………… XIII 圖目錄………………………………………………………XIV 圖目錄(A)…………………………………………………XVIII 符號表………………………………………………………XIX 第一章 緒論………………………………………………….. 1 1-1前言…………………………………………………….. 1 1-2文獻回顧……………………………………………….. 2 1-3研究動機……………………………………………….. 4 1-4研究目的……………………………………………….. 7 第二章 統計理論模式………………………………………...8 2-1實驗計畫法之穩健設計………………………………...8 2-2品質設計………………………………………………...9 2-2-1 品質設計之因素……………………………….. 9 2-2-2 品質設計之假設……………………………….10 2-2-3品質設計之程序………………………………..11 2-3 反應曲面法…………………………………………... 11 2-3-1實驗設計………………………………………..12 2-3-2模型建構………………………………………..12 2-3-3參數優化………………………………………..13 2-3-4統計分析與檢定………………………………..14 2-3-4-1假設檢定……………………………... 14 2-3-4-2信賴區間……………………………... 15 2-3-4-3變異分析……………………………....16 2-3-4-3-1最小平方法………….……...16 2-3-4-3-2 F檢定………….…………...18 2-3-4-3-3機率值………….…………...19 2-3-4-3-4變異分析表………………....20 2-3-4-4決定係數……………………………....20 2-3-4-5檢定個別迴歸參數的顯著性………....21 2-3-4-6共線性…………………….…………...21 2-3-4-6-1相關係數矩陣………………22 2-3-4-6-2變異膨脹因子……………....22 2-3-5顯著迴歸參數之分析…………………………..23 第三章 實驗設備與方法…………………………………….24 3-1工作流程…………………………………………….…24 3-2實驗設備…………………………………………….…26 3-3燒結爐測試…………………………………………….32 3-4孔隙率實驗…………………………………………….32 3-5破壞性檢測…………………………………………….35 3-6工作流體充填量……………………………………….36 3-6-1充填量計算…………………………………...36 3-6-2工作流體的選擇……………………………...37 3-7測漏試驗………………………………………………..37 3-7-1注水測漏…………………………………………37 3-7-2加熱測漏…………………………………………37 3-8沾錫-銀-銅測試………………………………………...38 3-8-1測試方法………………………………….……...38 3-9性能測試……………………………………….……….38 3-9-1熱反應測試………………………………….…...39 3-9-2最大熱傳量測試………………………….……...39 3-10實驗計畫法之規劃………………….………………..40 3-10-1 D-最佳化設計…………….…………………....40 3-10-2統計軟體Design-Expert…….…………………41 第四章 結果與討論………………………………………….42 4-1實驗設計………………………………………………..42 4-1-1組合表…………………………………………....43 4-1-2設計總表……………………………..…………. 43 4-2統計分析與檢定之結果…………………………….….44 4-2-1因子效應分析之模式……………………….…...44 4-2-2迴歸模型……………………….………………...45 4-2-2-1變異分析……….……………………… 45 4-2-2-2決定係數…….………………………… 47 4-2-2-3 t檢定…….…………………………….. 47 4-2-2-4共線性分析……………………………. 49 4-2-2-4-1相關係數矩陣判別共線性….49 4-2-2-4-2變異膨脹因子判別共線性….51 4-2-2-5顯著迴歸參數之效果分析……………. 52 4-2-2-5-1品質因子…………………… 53 4-2-2-5-2具交互作用之品質因子…….56 4-3實驗結果驗證…………………………….…………….60 第五章 結論………………………………………………….62 參考文獻…………………………………………………….. 65 附錄A 驗證與理論模式……………………………………..69 A- 1熱管的製作……………………………………………69 A-2燒結理論模式………………………………………...70 A-2-1熱管的燒結現象………………………………71 A-2-2燒結現象的變化………………………………72 A-2-2-1體積收縮率………………………………… 72 A-3熱管與銅管的比較………………………………….. 73 A-3-2熱反應之比較…………………………………73 A-4真空效應…………………………………………….. 74 A-4-1抽真空之暫態熱反應…………………………74 A-5降溫時間……………………………………………...75 A-6破壞性檢測…………………………………………...75 自述………………………………………………………….121

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