隨著人類活動日益加劇以及都市化的快速發展，大量含氮、磷等營養鹽之生活污水、農業徑流與工業廢水被持續排放至河川、湖泊以及其他自然水體中，進而導致優養化的發生，對生態環境以及人體健康造成危害。而人工濕地作為一污染整治系統，雖然具有碳吸存之潛力，卻也可能在淨化水質的過程中排放溫室氣體而成為碳源。本研究利用浮島式人工濕地作為去除水中氮、磷等營養鹽之系統，同時分析過程中所排放之二氧化碳以及甲烷，並且觀察濕地環境中的微生物群落組成，最後評估收割後之濕地植物殘留物作為生質燃料之可行性。
本研究首先比較表面流人工濕地與浮島式人工濕地對營養鹽之去除效果，發現在相同空間下浮島式人工濕地因可承受較大水體量而有著較高的單位面積去除率。因此，後續進一步比較以香蒲與黃菖蒲種植之浮島式人工濕地淨化效果。
香蒲對於氨氮、硝酸鹽氮、總磷以及COD之平均去除率分別為37.92±27.43%、38.46±30.49%、40.46±22.59%以及30.20±11.53%；而黃菖蒲則分別為41.94±29.71%、27.43±25.29%、35.29±24.39%以及26.89±23.38%，兩系統之去除率在統計分析上並無顯著性差異。而兩浮島式人工濕地均具有吸收大氣中二氧化碳的功用，但卻同時會排放出甲烷。然而，本研究於香蒲根部檢出具甲烷氧化能力的菌屬SH-PL14，以及黃菖蒲根部發現同樣具此功能的Methylocystis，顯示浮島式人工濕地仍有減緩甲烷排放的潛力。
香蒲與黃菖蒲之殘留物乾基熱值分別為3873.10±25.27 kcal/kg以及4027.97±28.96 kcal/kg，雖然該結果不及於傳統化石燃料之熱值，卻高於部分生質燃料，顯示濕地植物殘留物仍有作為生質燃料之潛力。惟須注意的是，高含水率與高氯含量可能限制了其作為燃料的經濟效益，並具有產生底渣與有害氣體之風險，必須謹慎評估。

Due to increasing human activities, large quantities of wastewater containing high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are discharged into the surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes. This has caused severe eutrophication, which harms ecosystems and may endanger human health. Constructed wetlands serve as effective systems for pollution control and nutrient removal.
In this study, we used floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) to evaluate the performance of nutrients removal. At the same time, we measured CO2 and CH4 emissions and examined the microbial communities present in the wetland system.
Both Typha orientalis and Iris pseudacorus systems showed the ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. However, the difference in removal performance between them was not statistically significant. Besides, both systems demonstrated the potential to absorb CO2 but also released CH4 during operation. Notably, methane-oxidizing bacteria such as SH-PL14 (in Typha roots) and Methylocystis (in Iris roots) were identified, indicating a potential for methane mitigation through microbial processes in FTWs.
The feasibility of utilizing the harvested plant residues as biomass fuel was also evaluated. The heating values (dry basis) of Typha orientalis and Iris pseudacorus residues were 3873.10 ± 25.27 kcal/kg and 4027.97 ± 28.96 kcal/kg, respectively. Although the heating values are lower than those of fossil fuels, they exceeds some biomass fuels, suggesting potential as bioenergy. However, high moisture and chlorine contents may reduce economic feasibility and increase risks of slagging and toxic emissions and should be carefully evaluated. This study suggests that FTWs show promise as sustainable solutions for nutrient pollution control and greenhouse gas mitigation.

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