| 研究生: |
蔡秉昌 Chua, Michael John |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
網路多全向移動機械手臂之合作搬運與零空間控制 Cooperation and Null-Space Control of Networked Omni-Directional Mobile Manipulators |
| 指導教授: |
劉彥辰
Liu, Yen-Chen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2021 |
| 畢業學年度: | 109 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 234 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 移動機械手臂 、冗餘度 、零空間 、合作搬運 、解耦控制 、力量控制 、閃避障礙物 、零空間控制 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Cooperation, redundancy, null-space, mobile manipulators, dynamic decoupling, force control, obstacle avoidance, null-space control |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:97 下載:0 |
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由於現今工廠自動化運作的概念,無人搬運車以及自動化機械手臂成為現今熱門的自動化機器人系統,然而基於移動平台以及機械手臂各自的缺點,將兩者合而為一成為移動機械手臂儼然成為另一個可行的運作方式。因此本研究針對一個四輪全向輪移動平台,上方搭載一台六軸關節式機械手臂的移動機器人系統進行設計、製作並且分析以及控制。
首先,設計並製作一台擁有六軸關節式機械手臂的四輪全向輪移動機械手臂,在考慮到機械手臂工作範圍最大化的情形下,分析並設計機械手臂的安裝位置以及移動平台的總重量及重量分布。面對不同電壓消耗的馬達,設計一套能夠集合所有訊號並分離不同電壓的電路系統,並且讓此系統能夠藉由程式的運行與否來控制其開關以達到方便以及安全的需求。對於 $10$ 顆馬達的控制,設計一套能夠合併多種不同系列馬達,方便撰寫以及擁有錯誤警示和中斷機制的程式,並且考慮傳輸線資料傳輸的上限,將訊號分流以達到訊號傳送的需求。
接著,建立了移動機械手臂的運動模型以及尤拉-拉格朗日動力模型,為了控制此具有高冗餘度的機器人系統,本研究使用了解耦控制,讓移動機械手臂的任務空間以及零空間可以被分別控制,以達成各自的任務需求。移動機械手臂的工作空間,也就是機械手臂的夾爪是被應用在任務空間中的控制,在任務空間中,力量控制被應用到其中以達成合作搬運的需求。另外,機械手臂的次要任務,也就是各軸的角度限制也被加入到零空間控制中;而移動平台的次要任務也被加入到零空間控制,其任務為追蹤移動機械手臂任務空間的速度、閃避鄰近的其餘機器人、閃避環境中的障礙物、並且根據機構上的限制,也就是機械手臂總長度的限制去調整移動平台的加速與減速。
最後,基於所提出的控制器,進行模擬並驗證,再以設計出的移動機械手臂,在所建立的實驗環境下進行實驗以驗證本研究提出的可行性。
This paper presents cooperation and null-space control for networked mobile manipulators with high degrees of freedom (DOFs). First, kinematic model and Euler-Lagrange dynamic model of the mobile manipulator, which has an articulated robot arm mounted on a mobile base with omni-directional wheels, have been presented. Then, the dynamic decoupling has been considered so that the task-space and the null-space can be controlled separately to accomplish different missions. The motion of the end-effector is controlled in the task-space, and the force control is implemented to make sure the cooperation of the mobile manipulators, as well as the transportation tasks. Also, the null-space control for the manipulator has been combined into the decoupling control. For the mobile base, it is controlled in the null-space to track the velocity of the end-effector, avoid other agents, avoid the obstacles, and move in a defined range based on the length of the manipulator without affecting the main task. Numerical simulations have been addressed to demonstrate the proposed methods.
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