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研究生: 林睦軒
Lin, Mu-Hsuan
論文名稱: 可用能分析與經濟評估獨立混合式發電系統
Exergy Analysis and Economic Evaluation of Stand-Alone Hybrid Power Generation Systems
指導教授: 吳煒
Wu, Wei
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 115
中文關鍵詞: 獨立型混合發電系統可用能分析乙醇重組器
外文關鍵詞: Stand-Alone Hybrid Power Generation System, Exergy Analysis, Ethanol Steam Regormer(ESR)
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  • 因應全球節能減排趨勢和提倡獨立發電系統,各國致力發展潔淨次世代能源。氫能具有來源豐富、應用層面廣和低污染等優點,故可成為次世代綠色能源載體,目前產氫來源大多採用化石燃料為原料,此製程技術在未來而言將不適用,因而需發展潔淨製氫技術和獨立發電系統,本研究結合乙醇進料產氫設備與質子交換膜燃料電池發電系統,藉以熱力學第一、第二定律之「可用能分析法」,分析此發電系統之各組成子系統可用能損失和效率表現以及整體發電系統效率,藉由降低損失功提高整體系統效率,故可根據本研究結果來改善系統效率,以達到最佳化的發電效率
    由熵分析,可以深入瞭解化學反應、熱傳和摩擦力這三種效應對熵增所造成的影響,以及熵增與產氫效率的關係。
    可用能分析法設計出來的發電系統,再經由經濟分析(淨現值法,內部報酬率法,益本比法),找出最適合投資的專案與地點。

    In the last few years, energy crisis's production, causes regarding the new energy to seek is urgent, thus the fuel cell is born, enables the new energy to have the new direction. Moreover, the increasingly serious environmental issues, green energy development is also becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a hybrid power systems design combined with solar and hydrogen energy to supply the load demand. Ethanol is fed into a reformer reactor to generate hydrogen in order to achieve the goal of green energy. Hydrogen supply to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and solar complement each other with day to supply the load demand. Finally, analyze the cost-benefit by using NPV (Net Present Value, NPV), benefit ratio (Benefit-Cost Ratio, B/C), analysis of indicators to assess the design of these hybrid power systems economic benefits.
    Using the exergy analysis system, in the energy which the analysis system transforms, available with loss part, seeks causes the system to affect a more remarkable main variable. Therefore discovers system's best operating condition is necessary.
    By using the entropy analysis, the impact of chemical reactions, heat transfer and friction on entropy generation and the relation between entropy generation and hydrogen-producing efficiency have been investigated.

    目錄 摘要 III Abstract IV 致謝 V 圖目錄 X 表目錄 XIII 符 號 說 明 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 乙醇進料式重組器介紹 2 1.3 燃料電池介紹 3 1.4 太陽能光電池(光伏電池) 6 1.5 鋰離子電池 10 1.6 文獻回顧與研究動機 10 第二章 數學模式建立 12 2.1前言 12 2.2數學模式之假設 12 2.2.1光伏電池假設部分 12 2.2.2質子交換膜燃料電池(PEMFC)假設部分: 12 2.2.3乙醇蒸氣重組假設部分 13 2.3 太陽能光伏電池數學模式 14 2.3.1 光伏電池等效電路 14 2.3.2 光電流 15 2.3.3 二極管損失電流 15 2.3.4 分流電流 15 2.4 質子交換膜燃料電池數學模式 17 2.4.1 數學模式之假設 17 2.4.2質子交換膜燃料電池系統 17 2.4.3 燃料電池中的能量平衡方程式 22 2.4.4 燃料消耗之估算 24 2.5 乙醇進料式重組器(Ethanol Reformer) 25 2.5.1 PFR 質量守恆 25 2.5.2 PFR能量守恆 26 2.5.3 乙醇蒸氣重組反應 27 2.6 其他單元之數學模式 30 2.6.1 燃燒器(Combustor) 30 2.6.2 熱交換器(Heat exchanger,HEX) 31 2.6.3鋰離子電池(Lithium-Ion Battery) 32 2.7 電力轉換架構 33 2.7.1直流對交流電力轉換器之架構 33 2.7.2脈波寬度調變切換技術 35 2.7.3電力轉換系統之建立 38 2.8電池發電效率 38 2.8.1光伏電池發電效率 39 2.8.2質子交換膜燃料電池 39 第三章 可用能分析法&製程模擬 41 3.1可用能介紹: 41 3.1.1可用能分析方法 42 3.1.2可用能流程計算分析 45 3.1.3可用能分析指標 46 3.2 製程模擬: 47 3.2.1乙醇進料式重組器 52 3.2.2燃料電池 65 3.2.3太陽能板 69 3.2.4個案討論-分散式發電 70 3.2.5能量效率整理 72 第四章 經濟效益之評估 74 4.1 前言 74 4.2 評估方法及流程 74 4.3評估基本假設 78 4.3.1評估基礎 78 4.3.2評估年期 78 4.3.3物價上漲率 78 4.3.4折現率 78 4.3.5幣值基準 78 4.3.6維護費用 78 4.4成本項目: 79 4.5效益項目 80 4.6經濟效益評估 85 4.6.1混合式發電系統回收成本之電費評估 85 4.6.2氫氣浮動價格回收成本之電費評估: 85 4.6.3四種方案回本電費評估 88 4.7經濟指標分析 95 4.7.1.三種情境做分析 95 4.7.2乙醇進料式燃料電池與太陽能電池針對世界照射量做評估 104 第五章結論 106 參考文獻 107 附錄 112

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