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研究生: 柯博凱
Ko, Po-Kai
論文名稱: 混合式磁浮避震的控制
Control Scheme for Hybrid Magnetic Vibration Absorber
指導教授: 林清一
Lin, Chin E.
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 76
中文關鍵詞: 磁浮
外文關鍵詞: Magnetic
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  • 本論文目的在探討磁浮避震的控制,主要以電磁力懸浮系統的重力及隔絕外來的震動,並設計一控制器來達成所要求之精度。因為磁浮系統具有非機械式、接觸零摩擦與小型化的特點,在避震器的應用上可達到低噪音、高效率及高可靠度的性能。而整個避震系統中包含:避震器硬體、永久磁鐵、激磁線圈、驅動器、位置感測器以及控制器。在本文中將敘述混合式磁浮避震的控制及設計,其中包含硬體機構、有限元素法磁力模擬分析、控制器的設計以及系統的性能分析,最後以實驗來驗證本系統之可行性。由於磁浮系統是一個不穩定且為非線性的系統,因此首先我們必須將系統在操作點中線性化,然後利用線性控制的方法設計控制器來穩定此系統。我們利用傳統PID來控制外來震動所產的干擾。本系統經過實驗印證。

    This thesis studies the control of a magnetic vibration absorber using electromagnetic force to suspend from gravity and isolate external vibration. A controller is designed and implemented to reach the precision operation of this system. The magnetic suspension system possesses non-mechanical contact, zero friction, and miniature characteristics. It operates vibration absorber performance of low noise, high efficiency and high reliability. The overall system includes vibration absorber hardware, excitation coil, current driver, position sensor and controller. In this thesis, the design and control of the proposed hybrid magnetic vibration absorber is discussed, including hardware conceptual design, finite element force model analysis, controller design and system performance analysis. Finally, a series of experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the designed system. Since the magnetic suspension system is an unstable and non-linear system, and therefore this system must be linearized at certain operation point, and then applied linear control to stabilized its operation. A conventional PID controller is introduced to control the disturbance from external vibration. The performance is verified.

    目錄..........................................................................Ⅰ 表目錄..........................................................................Ⅴ 圖目錄..........................................................................Ⅸ 符號表..........................................................................Ⅹ 第一章 緒論...........................................................................1 1.1 前言...........................................................................1 1.2 研究動機與目的...........................................................................2 1.3 研究流程...........................................................................3 1.4 內文摘要...........................................................................4 第二章 磁浮系統原理與應用...........................................................................5 2.1 磁浮產生的方式...........................................................................5 2.2 磁浮系統的物理現象...........................................................................6 2.3 磁浮系統的應用...........................................................................8 2.4 論文研究方向...........................................................................9 第三章 磁場模擬與分析..........................................................................11 3.1 前言..........................................................................11 3.2 有限元素分析法軟體簡介與設定..........................................................................11 3.2.1 建立幾何模型..........................................................................13 3.2.3 磁場來源及邊界條件設定..........................................................................17 3.2.4 設定執行參數..........................................................................18 3.2.5 設定求解參數誤差範圍..........................................................................19 3.3 模擬結果與分析..........................................................................21 3.3.1 有限元素分析圖..........................................................................21 3.3.2 模擬數值比較分析..........................................................................22 3.4討論..........................................................................24 第四章 硬體架構與電路設計..........................................................................26 4.1 簡介..........................................................................26 4.2 避震系統之結構設計..........................................................................27 4.3 材料選取..........................................................................28 4.4 感測系統..........................................................................33 4.4.1 感測器輸出響應..........................................................................34 4.4.2 操作點選取..........................................................................35 4.4.3 感測器轉移函數..........................................................................36 4.5 電磁驅動器..........................................................................37 4.5.1 PWM動作原理..........................................................................37 4.5.2 PWM電路設計..........................................................................37 4.5.3 電磁驅動器數學模式推導..........................................................................42 4.6 討論..........................................................................43 第五章 磁浮避震器系統分析..........................................................................44 5.1 簡介..........................................................................44 5.1.1 閉迴路系統方塊圖..........................................................................44 5.2 混合式電磁力分析..........................................................................44 5.2.1 永久磁鐵的磁路分析..........................................................................46 5.2.3 併用永久磁鐵的磁力特性..........................................................................48 5.3 系統之分析..........................................................................49 5.3.2 狀態空間模型之建立..........................................................................54 5.4 討論..........................................................................55 第六章 控制器設計與實驗結果..........................................................................56 6.1 控制器設計目的..........................................................................56 6.2 PID控制器法則..........................................................................57 6.2.1 PID控制的調整法..........................................................................58 6.3 控制器的實現..........................................................................60 6.3.1 LabView簡介..........................................................................60 6.3.2 虛擬儀表的程式撰寫..........................................................................61 6.3.3 程式及控制器的實現..........................................................................63 6.4 電腦系統之軟硬體..........................................................................65 6.5 實驗結果分析..........................................................................66 6.5.1 系統條件限制條件..........................................................................66 6.5.2 實際參數調整..........................................................................67 6.5.3 強健性能測試..........................................................................68 6.6 控制結果討論..........................................................................70 第七章 結論與未來展望..........................................................................72 7.1 結論..........................................................................72 7.2 系統改良建議..........................................................................72 7.3 未來展望..........................................................................74 參考文獻..........................................................................75

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