目錄 中文摘要.................................................Ⅰ 英文摘要.................................................Ⅱ 目錄.....................................................Ⅲ 圖目錄...................................................Ⅶ 表目錄.................................................XII 第一章、前言..............................................1 第二章、文獻回顧..........................................3 2-1煞車摩擦材料的演進..............................3 2-2 煞車材料種類...................................4 2-2-1 碳基摩擦材料..............................4 2-2-2 金屬基摩擦材料............................4 2-2-3 半金屬有機摩擦材料........................5 2-2-4 石棉有機摩擦材料..........................5 2-2-5 非石棉有機摩擦材料........................6 2-3 磨潤簡介.......................................6 2-3-1 磨潤介紹..................................6 2-3-2 摩擦原理..................................7 2-3-3 磨耗機制..................................9 2-3-4 潤滑型態.................................11 2-4 摩擦材料的特性................................17 2-4-1 摩擦材料的要求...........................17 2-4-2 摩擦材料需具有的基本條件.................17 2-4-3 影響摩擦特性的因素.......................19 2-5 常用摩擦材料成分..............................21 2-5-1 強化材...................................21 2-5-2 結合材...................................26 2-5-3固體潤滑劑................................28 2-5-4摩擦調整劑及其他..........................28 2-6 摩擦材料的應用................................29 第三章、實驗方法.........................................34 3-1實驗流程.......................................34 3-2 試片製作......................................34 3-2-1 實驗原料.................................34 3-2-2 原料混合.................................36 3-2-3 熱壓成形.................................37 3-2-4 硬化處理.................................37 3-3 實驗..........................................41 3-3-1 磨耗測試.................................41 3-3-2 磨耗測試之條件...........................41 3-3-3 磨耗損失的測量...........................42 3-3-4 硬度測試(Hardness test).....................43 3-3-5 抗折強度測試(Flexural strength test)..........44 3-3-6 磨耗表面之觀察...........................45 3-3-7 表面粗糙度測量...........................46 3-3-8 摩擦測試片之組成.........................46 第四章、結果與討論.......................................55 4-1 單一成分之定溫摩擦測試........................55 4-1-1 強化材...................................55 4-1-2 填充材...................................60 4-2 單一成分之循環摩擦測試........................75 4-3 單一成分之定時摩擦測試........................83 4-4 單一摩擦材料之機械性質........................89 4-5 複合材料之定溫摩擦測試........................99 4-6 複合材料之循環摩擦測試.......................106 4-7 複合材料之定時摩擦測試.......................111 4-8 複合摩擦材料之機械性質.......................114 第五章、結論............................................118 參考文獻................................................120 圖目錄 Fig.2-3-1 The mode of friction (a) Rolling friction (b) Sliding friction…..14 Fig.2-3-2 The relation of wear mechanism……………………………..14 Fig.2-3-3 Four kinds of wear mechanism……………………………….15 Fig.2-3-4 Mechanism of adhesive wear…...............................................15 Fig.2-3-5 Two-body and three body abrasion...........................................16 Fig.2-3-6 Stribeck curve...........................................................................16 Fig.2-6-1 Friction material for brakes and clutches.................................31 Fig.2-6-2.Schematic diagram of drum brake............................................32 Fig.2-6-3 Brake lining..............................................................................32 Fig.2-6-4 Schematic diagram of disc brake..............................................33 Fig.2-6-5 Brake pad..................................................................................33 Fig.3-1-1 Experimental procedure............................................................38 Fig.3-2-1 Weight loss curve from therogravimetric analysis at 10℃/min of heating rate up to 233℃........................................................39 Fig.3-2-2 High speed mixer for ingredient to uniform powder…............39 Fig.3-2-3 Heater and forming mold..........................................................40 Fig.3-2-4 The specimens heat treat by the drier for 8 hours at 180℃......40 Fig.3-3-1 Schematic diagram of constant speed friction test machine.....49 Fig.3-3-2 Apparel of fixed speed friction test machine............................50 Fig.3-3-3 Schematic diagram of test rig...................................................50 Fig.3-3-4 Rockwell hardness tester (HRS)...............................................51 Fig.3-3-5 Schematic diagram of steel ball of indenter..............................51 Fig.3-3-6 (a) flexural stress distribution and (b)schematic diagram of flexural strength test.................................................................52 Fig.4-1-1 Friction coefficients variation of Cu fiber in different temperatures………………….……………………………….63 Fig.4-1-2 Copper fiber deformation inspected by optical micrographs before and after friction test……….……………………….....63 Fig.4-1-3 Friction coefficients variation of Cu powder in different temperatures ………………………….…………...………….64 Fig.4-1-4 Surface morphologies at 200℃ and 300℃ abrasion after friction test ………………………………..………………….64 Fig.4-1-5 Friction coefficients variation of brass chips in different temperatures………………………………….……………… 65 Fig.4-1-6 Surface morphologies of brass chips at 200℃ and 300℃ abrasion after friction test…………………………………… 65 Fig.4-1-7 SEM observation of the surface morphologies after friction test ……………………………………………………………66 Fig.4-1-8 The EDS of brass chips after friction test.................................66 Fig.4-1-9 Friction coefficients variation of CMC fiber in different temperatures………………………………………….……… 67 Fig. 4-1-10 Surface morphologies of CMC specimens inspected by OM and SEM after friction test………………..……………67 Fig.4-1-11 Friction coefficients variation of SiC whisker in different temperatures…………...…………………………………….68 Fig.4-1-12 Surface morphologies of SiC whisker at 200℃and 300℃ abrasion after friction test.......................................................68 Fig.4-1-13 CMC fiber and SiC whisker profile…………………………69 Fig.4-1-14 Friction coefficients variation of carbon fiber in different temperatures............................................................................70 Fig.4-1-15 Surface morphologies of carbon fiber inspected by OM and SEM before and after friction test..........................................70 Fig.4-1-16 Friction coefficients variation of the specimens H in different temperatures.............................................................71 Fig. 4-1-17 Surface morphologies of the specimens H at 200℃ and 300℃ abrasion after friction test…………………….............71 Fig.4-1-18 Friction coefficients variation of specimens BA in different temperatures............................................................................72 Fig.4-1-19 Surface morphologies of the specimens BA at 200℃ and 300℃ abrasion after friction test.............................................72 Fig.4-1-20 Friction coefficients variation of Mu powder in different temperatures............................................................................73 Fig.4-1-21 Surface morphologies of specimens Mu at 200℃and 300℃ abrasion after friction test.......................................................73 Fig.4-1-22 Friction coefficients variation of specimens G in different temperatures............................................................................74 Fig.4-1-23 Surface morphologies of specimens G at 200℃ and 300℃ abrasion after friction test……………..…..………………...74 Fig.4-2-1 Friction coefficient and temperature variations during cyclic test with different mental reinforcement additions...................78 Fig.4-2-2 Friction coefficient and temperature variations during cyclic test with different non-metal reinforcement additions.............79 Fig.4-2-3 Friction coefficient and temperature variations during cyclic test with different filler additions..............................................80 Fig.4-2-4 Recovery behavior of friction materials...................................82 Fig.4-2-5 Wear rate after cyclic test.........................................................82 Fig.4-3-1 Friction coefficient and temperature variations v.s. different metal reinforcement additions during friction test...................85 Fig.4-3-2 Friction coefficient and temperature variations v.s. different non-metal reinforcement additions during friction test............86 Fig.4-3-3 Friction coefficient and temperature variations v.s. different filler additions during friction test............................................87 Fig.4-4-1 Rockwell hardness (HRS) of different materials......................93 Fig.4-4-2 Flexural strength test of different materials..............................93 Fig.4-4-3 Morphologies of cross-section of flexural strength test of different metals……………………………….………………94 Fig.4-4-4 Morphologies of cross-section of flexural strength test of non-metals................................................................................95 Fig.4-4-5 Morphologies of SEM of cross-section of fillers after flexural strength test………………………….……………………......96 Fig.4-4-6 The EDS of sintering bulk of Cu powder specimen.................97 Fig.4-4-7 The EDS of fiber in Mu specimen............................................97 Fig.4-4-8 The roughness (Ra) of different materials before and after friction test in 200℃ and 300℃................................................98 Fig.4-5-1 The friction coefficients variation v.s. different temperatures test of Cu fiber+brass………………………………….…….102 Fig.4-5-2 The wear rate of different CuF+Brass compound addition v.s. different temperatures during friction test..............................102 Fig.4-5-3 Surface morphologies of Cu F+Brass specimens inspected by OM before and after friction test............................................103 Fig.4-5-4 Friction coefficients variation v.s. different temperatures during friction test of different SiC whisker addition.............104 Fig.4-5-5 The wear rate v.s. different temperatures during friction test of different SiC whisker compound addition..............................104 Fig.4-5-6 Surface morphologies of SiC specimens inspected by OM before and after friction test....................................................105 Fig.4-6-1 Friction coefficient and temperature variations during cyclic test with different CuF+Brass reinforced friction composites …………...…………………………………………….........108 Fig.4-6-2 Friction coefficient and temperature variations during cyclic test with SiC whisker reinforced friction composites.............109 Fig.4-6-3 The tribological behavior of frictional composites................110 Fig.4-7-1 Friction coefficient and temperature variations v.s. different Cu F+Brass ratio additions during friction test.......................112 Fig.4-7-2 Friction coefficient and temperature variations v.s. different SiC whisker ratio additions during friction test......................113 Fig.4-8-1 The hardness (HRS) of friction composites............................116 Fig.4-8-2 The flexural strength of friction composites...........................116 Fig.4-8-3 The roughness (Ra) of friction composites.............................117 表目錄 Table 2-1 The wear cost in U.S.A., 1986....................................................7 Table 3-1 Composition of Brass chips......................................................35 Table 3-2 Composition of CMC fiber.......................................................35 Table 3-3 CNS-2586 criterion..................................................................48 Table 3-4 Mechanical properties of gray iron disc...................................48 Table 3-5 The composition of the friction specimens .............................53 Table 3-6 The composition of the friction composites.............................54